BACKGROUND RGS9-deficient mice show drug-induced dyskinesia but normal locomotor activity under unchallenged conditions. RESULTS Genes related to Ca2+ signaling and their functions were regulated in RGS9-deficient mice. CONCLUSION Changes in Ca2+ signaling that compensate for RGS9 loss-of-function can explain the normal locomotor activity in RGS9-deficient mice under unchallenged conditions...

Murraya koenigii L. (Rutaceae), commonly known as curry leaf tree, closely associated with south India where the word "curry" originates from the Tamil "kari" for spiced sauces. Curry leaves are a rich source of carbazole alkaloids which possess various biological activities such as antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Curry leaf has a potential role in the treatment of diabetes. Reser...

In this paper we propose an automated method for Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) detection and classification of its severity. The method is based on the analysis of the signals recorded from accelerometers which are placed on certain positions on the patient’s body. The signals are analyzed using a moving window and several features are extracted. Based on these features a decision tree is u...

Banisteriopsis caapi (B. caapi) contains harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine, has monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity, and has reported antiparkinsonian activity in humans when imbibed as a tea; however, its effects are poorly documented. For this reason, motor function was assessed in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated common marmosets following administration of B. c...

In advanced stages of Parkinson's disease, serotonergic terminals take up L-DOPA and convert it to dopamine. Abnormally released dopamine may participate in the development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias. Simultaneous activation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors effectively blocks L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias in animal models of dopamine depletion, justifying a clinical study with eltoprazine, a 5-HT...

One of the major symptoms of the neurodegenerative condition Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slowness or loss of voluntary movement, yet frustratingly therapeutic strategies designed to restore movement can result in the development of excessive abnormal movements known as dyskinesia. These dyskinesias commonly develop as a result of pharmacotherapy in the form of L-DOPA administration, but have ...

Meige syndrome, which has been presented in tardive syndromes, is a form of blepharospasm accompanied by oromandibular dystonia with manifestations over the face, jaw, and neck. A blepharospasm can be induced by antihistamines, dopaminomimetic or sympathomimetic drugs, or long-term exposure to dopamine antagonists. Atypical antipsychotics have less extrapyramidal side effects because of a weak ...

Drug-induced dyskinesia is a common phenomenon in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is often socially as well as physically disabling for patients. The Movement Disorders Society commissioned a task force to assess available clinical rating scales, critique their clinimetric properties, and make recommendations regarding their clinical utility. A task force composed six clinical researchers who syst...

One of the characteristic symptoms of patients with Parkinson Disease (PD) is a rigidity of movement. These symptoms disappear after administration of Levodopa. However, the long-term use of levodopa causes involuntary movements (dyskinesia). A proper diagnosis requires an automatic, unsupervised method for the detection and classification of levodopa induced dyskinesia. The main problem, howev...

Numerical calculations of vortex flows in Taylor-Couette systems with counter rotating cylinders are presented. The full, time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations are solved with a combination of a finite difference and a Galerkin method. Annular gaps of radius ratio eta=0.5 and of several heights are simulated. They are closed by nonrotating lids that produce localized Ekman vortices in their vi...