The gliding bacterium Flexibacter sp. strain FS-1 exhibits inducible resistance to chloramphenicol (Cmr) and tetracycline (Tcr). Either chloramphenicol or tetracycline alone induced a Cmr Tcr phenotype. The resistance is apparently not plasmid encoded.

Erythromycin and clindamycin are major alternatives to βlactam antibiotics. Bacterial resistance to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics is increasing worldwide. Erm genes express either constitutive macrolide, lincosamide streptogramin B resistance phenotype (cMLSB) or inducible phenotype (iMLSB) and msrA gene expresses (MSB) phenotype. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of ...

macrophages accumulate in poorly vascularised and hypoxic sites including solid tumours, wounds and sites of infection and inflammation where they can be exposed to low levels of oxygen for long periods. up to date, different studies have shown that a number of transcription factors are activated by hypoxia which in turn activate a broad array of mitogenic, pro-invasive, pro-angiogenic, and pro...

background hospital patients who are nasal carriers of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) are a high-risk potential threat to themselves and other hospitalized patients. the high antibiotic resistance of these isolates renders the treatment of related infections difficult. objectives the present study, for the first time investigated the prevalence of mrsa isolates in nasal carr...