PURPOSE Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a monophasic demyelination disease of central nervous system (CNS) with presentations of impaired consciousness, neurologic deficits and diffuse white matter lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Predisposing infection can be identified in around 50 to 77% of all patients with ADEM. Post-infectious autoimmune events associated with J...

Encephalitic syndromes are a common medical emergency. The importance of early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is paramount. If initial investigations for infectious agents prove negative, other diagnoses must be considered promptly. Autoimmune encephalitides are being increasingly recognized as important (and potentially reversible) non-infectious causes of an encephalitic syndrome. We des...

Introduction: VZV is a human neurotropic alpha herpes virus, and humans are the only reservoir. Infection can involve any part of nervous system. The incidence neurological manifestations associated with 1-3 per 10,000 cases.
 clinical varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections central system (CNS) include aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral infarction granulomatous vasculitis, myeliti...

Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis has become an increasingly recognized etiology of acute psychosis in young patients. The diverse constellation of symptoms allows for misdiagnosis as an infectious, psychological, or toxicological entity resulting in delays in treatment with increasing morbidity. We describe a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis that was a particular challenge to diag...

BACKGROUND Encephalitis rates by etiology and acute-phase outcomes for encephalitis in the 21st century are largely unknown. We sought to evaluate cause-specific rates of encephalitis hospitalizations and predictors of inpatient mortality in the United States. METHODS Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) from 2000 to 2010, a retrospective observational study of 238,567 patients (mean [...

Although the syndrome of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is not an infectious disease, it is commonly involved in the differential diagnoses of meningitis and encephalitis. It is a clinical (headache, fever, even neck stiffness) and laboratory (cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities) challenge for the physician. Considering this syndrome especially under some settings and taking car...

T-cell lymphoma is rarely associated with direct or indirect neurological complications. We present a unique case with features of both a paraneoplastic syndrome, with early encephalopathy and new onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE)1 and later multifocal brain infarctions that were likely related to more direct complications of lymphoma. Though infectious encephalitis is likely to under...

Depending on intensity and extent occurrence of infectious diseases can be distinguished accordingly: Sporadic – isolated cases of disease without obvious epidemiological connections Epidemical – mass occurrence of infectious disease in mutual epidemiological connection taking place in a limited territory for a certain amount of time. When two or more cases of disease occur in one family or hou...