BACKGROUND Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a frequent complication of tracheal intubation, particularly after surgery in the prone position. We designed this study to validate the non-inferiority of magnesium sulphate against dexamethasone for prevention of POST after lumbar spinal surgery. METHODS One hundred and forty-six patients were randomly allocated to receive either magnesium or d...

OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy of the homeopathic Crataegus preparation Cralonin for non-inferiority to standard treatment for mild cardiac insufficiency. METHODS Multicentre non-randomised cohort study in patients aged 50-75 years in New York Heart Association class II. Patients received Cralonin (n=110) or ACE inhibitor/diuretics (n=102) for 8 weeks. To adjust for confounding by baselin...

Superiority is success demonstrated in some field of competition. The use of the word "superiority," which is a comparative term, implies the correlative concept of inferiority, and the superiority-inferiority relation appears only as the demonstrable result of some competitive event. If we wish to discover the superior members of a group, the simple way open to us is to set up some form of com...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of two filgrastim formulations for controlling chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and to evaluate the non-inferiority of the test drug relative to the originator. METHODS: This phase III non-inferiority study had a randomized, multicenter, and open-label design. The patients were randomized at a ratio of 1:1 with a follow-up period of 6 weeks for e...

Confirmatory clinical trials comparing the efficacy of a new treatment with an active control typically aim at demonstrating either superiority or non-inferiority. In the latter case, the objective is to show that the experimental treatment is not worse than the active control by more than a pre-specified non-inferiority margin. We consider two classes of group-sequential designs that combine t...

The current research study explores the suffering of double consciousness in character Parizaad Pakistani Urdu drama serial, Parizaad. It is a story which unfolds Marxist, racist and sociological themes. However, researcher has utilized non-empirical Textual Analysis Method along with following concept by Du Bois as theoretical framework for analyzing serial to explore objective. argues that bl...

The article describes the problem of personality development, ability to self-improvement, independent choice changing trajectory life. It is substantiated that personal development a dynamic process human life and an indicator mature person, characterized by person's sense nature, progressive changes in self-perception, attitude, understanding mastery their emotions, actions deeds, constructiv...