Infinite horizon backward stochastic Volterra integral equations (BSVIEs for short) are investigated. We prove the existence and uniqueness of adapted M-solution in a weighted $L^2$-space. Furthermore, we extend some important known results finite BSVIEs to infinite setting. provide variation constant formula class linear duality principle between (forward) equation (SVIE an BSVIE As applicatio...

In this report we will study the origins and history of functional analysis up until 1918. We begin by studying ordinary and partial differential equations in the 18th and 19th century to see why there was a need to develop the concepts of functions and limits. We will see how a general theory of infinite systems of equations and determinants by Helge von Koch were used in Ivar Fredholm’s 1900 ...

in this paper, we propose a numerical method for the approximate solution of fuzzy Fredholm functional integral equations of the second kind by using an iterative interpolation. For this purpose, we convert the linear fuzzy Fredholm integral equations to a crisp linear system of integral equations. The proposed method is illustrated by some fuzzy integral equations in numerical examples. Keywor...

Heterogeneity plays an important role in modeling demographic, epidemic, biological and economical processes. The mathematical formulation of such systems can vary widely: age-structured systems, trait-structured systems, or systems with endogenously changing domains are some of the most common. Controls in such systems may be non-distributed (targeting the whole system), or distributed (target...

In this work, we introduce a novel method for solving two-dimensional fuzzy Fredholm integral equations of the second kind (2D-FFIE-2). We use new representation of parametric form of fuzzy numbers and convert a two-dimensional fuzzy Fredholm integral equation to system of two-dimensional Fredholm integral equations of the second kind in crisp case. We can use Adomian decomposition method for n...

In this paper, we prove a theorem on local existence and uniqueness of integral solutions to a class of partial neutral functional differential equations with infinite delay. Our method of proof is based on the integrated semigroup theory and the well known Banach fixed point theorem.

this article proposes a direct method for solving three types of integral equations with time delay. by using operational matrix of integration, integral equations can be reduced to a linear lower triangular system which can be directly solved by forward substitution. numerical examples shows that the proposed scheme have a suitable degree of accuracy.

In this study a numerical method is developed to solve the Hammerstein integral equations. To this end the kernel has been approximated using the leastsquares approximation schemes based on Legender-Bernstein basis. The Legender polynomials are orthogonal and these properties improve the accuracy of the approximations. Also the nonlinear unknown function has been approximated by using the Berns...

In this paper, a spectral collocation approach based on the rational Chebyshev functions for solving the axisymmetric stagnation point flow on an infinite stationary circular cylinder is suggested. The Navier-Stokes equations which govern the flow, are changed to a boundary value problem with a semi-infinite domain and a third-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation by applying proper si...