Inflation induces a marked decrease in the lung-expanding ability of the diaphragm, but its effect on the parasternal intercostal muscles is uncertain. To assess this effect, the phrenic nerves and the external intercostals were severed in anesthetized, vagotomized dogs, such that the parasternal intercostals were the only muscles active during inspiration, and the endotracheal tube was occlude...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether longer periods of stent balloon inflation result in greater minimal luminal diameter (MLD) as measured by quantitative coronary analysis (QCA), and to determine whether measured size correlated with that predicted by pressure-diameter nomograms. METHODS Seventy-four stents were implanted in 52 patients. Stent acquisitions at a steady inflation pressure were tak...

Pressure-volume relationships for the total respiratory system and for the lung were recorded in anaesthetized and paralysed patients, during deflation from an airway pressure of 3 kPa to FRC at a rate of 2 litre min-1. Pleural pressure was estimated by means of an oesophageal balloon. A group of nine female patients (mean age 32.7 yr) about to undergo laparoscopy were each studied in four succ...

L abor costs have recently come under scrutiny by policymakers, business economists, and financial market participants. The primary concern has been that tight labor markets might lead to faster compensation growth and, ultimately, to upward pressure on general inflation. The employment cost index (ECI) has received particularly close attention because many analysts consider it to be one of the...

Cuffed endotracheal tubes are one aspect of airway management designed to ensure safety, yet patients can be at risk for injury from underinflated and overinflated endotracheal cuffs. Tracheal pressures exceeding approximately 48 cm H2O impede capillary blood flow, potentially causing tracheal damage, and pressures below approximately 18 mm Hg may increase the risk of aspiration. There is no st...

This paper demonstrates, contrary to what has been shown recently, that demand pressure, besides cost-pressure, matters both in the labor market and the market for goods in the determination of wage and price inflation. We consider and estimate both wage and price Phillips-curves for the U.S., using OLS and nonparametric estimation techniques. The finding is that on the whole wages are more fle...

background and aim: some risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea (osa) such as upper respiratory airways abnormalities and obesity overlap with the risk factors for eustachian tube dysfunction (etd). in this study, we investigated the prevalence of etd in a population of patients with osa. methods: tubal dysfunction was determined by tympanometry and inflation-deflation test in 36 patients dia...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to quantify the specific effects of manual lung inflations with chest compression-vibrations, commonly used to assist airway clearance in ventilated patients. The hypothesis was that force applied during the compressions made a significant additional contribution to increases in peak expiratory flow and expiratory to inspiratory flow ratio over and above that resultin...

To quantify the reduction in workload during intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) therapy, indirect parameters are used, such as the mean arterial pressure during diastole, product of heart rate and peak systolic pressure, and pressure-volume area. Therefore, we investigated the cardiac energy consumption during IABP therapy using a cardiac electromechanics model. We incorporated an IABP function i...