B lymphocytes producing antiplatelet autoantibodies play a major role in autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ITP). However, certain B cells, including the human CD19(+)CD24(hi)CD38(hi) subpopulation, possess regulatory functions mediated partly by IL-10. In a cohort of chronic ITP patients with low platelet counts who consisted of patients off treatment, we found a lower frequency of CD19(+)CD24(hi)CD...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Interactions between excitotoxic, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways determine outcome in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. The transcription factor NF-kappaB has been suggested to enhance brain damage via stimulation of cytokine production. There is also evidence that NF-kappaB activity is required for neuronal survival. We used the NF-kappaB inhibitor NBD, coupled to TAT...

In Vietnam, numerous surveillance programs are conducted to monitor the prevalence of avian influenza (AI) viruses. Three serological methods-the agar-gel immunodiffusion test, hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-are well established for detection of AI virus antibodies in poultry sera. Several recent reports have validated egg yolk as an alternative sou...

A two-graph Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was done to determine the optimal cut-off value of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to Wesselsbron disease (WSL) virus. When ELISA and haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) results of WSL-positive and WSL-negative control sheep sera were compared, the sensitivity of ELISA was 97.9% and that of HI...

A simple hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for the serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis has been developed and evaluated. A total of 84 human and 120 mouse serum samples were tested by the newly developed HI test and compared with an immunoglobulin G-indirect fluorescent antibody test. Statistical analysis of serum titers obtained by using the HI test and the immunoglobulin G-indirect flu...

This paper applies a methodology of probabilistic risk assessment to the task of identifying risks from cumulative and aggregate risk pathways for selected goitrogens in water and food. The methodology develops a Hazard Index calculation for exposed populations in the US under three approaches to established the Reference Dose (RfD) for use in probabilistic risk estimation, producing probabilit...

Hemolysis inhibition (HLI), single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) with immobilized virions, and mixed hemadsorption tests were used for measuring antibodies against mumps virus. Rabbit hyperimmune sera against mumps and early and late human convalescent sera were analyzed. All three tests identified antibodies against both hemagglutinin and the second major envelope component, hemolysin (fusion ...

Oxygen deprivation and infection are major causes of perinatal brain injury leading to cerebral palsy and other neurological disabilities. The identification of novel key factors mediating white and gray matter damage are crucial to allow better understanding of the specific contribution of different cell types to the injury processes and pathways for clinical intervention. Recent studies in th...

A hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test for rubella is described which utilizes human group O, rather than 1-day-old chick, erythrocytes. The test was found to be as sensitive and reproducible for detection of rubella antibody as HI tests employing chick erythrocytes. Advantages to the use of human erythrocytes are (i) they are more available, (ii) it is unnecessary to absorb natural agglutinin...

An examination of 200 serum samples from unvaccinated indigenous (local) chickens in Maiduguri, Borno State (Nigeria) using the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test showed 73 sera to be positive and 127 to be negative for antibodies against Newcastle disease virus. The highest antibody titre observed was 1:128. The prevalence rate was higher (46.9%) in adult chickens than in young chickens of...