Callosal axon guidance during cerebral cortex development is complicated and far from being fully understood. Previous work in our lab has shown that basic helix loop helix transcription factors Neurod2 and Neurod6 are essential regulators for the fasciculation and guidance of callosal axons. Here we use acallosal Neurod2/6 deficient mice as a model system to selectively study callosal axon pat...

In this study the material comprises brains from three aborted fetuses and two fullterm infants who died at birth. The gestational ages ranged from the 22nd week to term. All cases were without malformations, known chromosomal abnormality, hydrops, and systemic infections, and all had normal birth weights with fetal growth indices (observed birth weight/expected mean birth weight) between 0.9 1...

We used the FUSE (Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer) satellite to observe O VI emission along two sightlines towards the edge of the interaction zone (IZ) between the Loop I superbubble and the Local Bubble. One sightline was chosen because material in the interaction zone blocks distant X-ray emission, and should thus do the same for non-local O VI emission. We measured an O VI intensity ...

During brain development, young neurons closely associate with radial glial while migrating from the ventricular zone (VZ) to the cortical plate (CP) of the neocortex. It has been shown previously that gap junctions are needed for this migration to occur properly, but the precise mechanism responsible is still in question. Here, we used Cre recombinase, driven by the nestin promoter, to conditi...

BACKGROUND Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias can occur in the surviving muscle fibers of the epicardial border zone of the canine heart 5 days after coronary artery occlusion. To understand the cellular basis of these arrhythmias, we developed a method of dispersing myocytes (IZs) from the epicardial border zone. METHODS AND RESULTS We compared the electrophysiological properties of IZs with ...

PURPOSE To demonstrate a method for correlating photoreceptor mosaic structure with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and microperimetry findings in patients with Stargardt disease. METHODS A total of 14 patients with clinically diagnosed Stargardt disease were imaged using confocal and split-detection adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy. Cone photoreceptors were identified manuall...

During embryogenesis, thalamocortical axons (TCAs) organize themselves in defined bundles that follow a unique pathway crossing several anatomical boundaries, which makes them easy to track during different stages of neocortical development. These features render TCAs notoriety as a model to study the extrinsic cues that regulate axon guidance and elongation in vertebrate systems. Amid neocorti...

background: garlic (allium sativum) is known for its anti-bacterial properties, but information on its effects against bacteria species that are important in fish diseases is scarce. objectives: the aim of this research was to use garlic as a natural product to improve the aquatic animal health status so as to compensate the demand for environment-friendly products for sustainable aquaculture. ...

Genetic algorithms (GAs) are one of the many optimisation methodologies that have been used in conjunction with simulation modelling. The most critical step with a GA is the assignment of the selective probabilities to the alternatives. Selective probabilities are assigned based on the alternatives’ estimated performances which are obtained using simulation. An accurate estimate should be obtai...

Gromov-Witten, Gopakumar-Vafa, and Donaldson-Thomas invariants of Calabi-Yau threefolds are compared. In certain situations, the Donaldson-Thomas invariants are very easy to handle, sometimes easier than the other invariants. This point is illustrated in several ways, especially by revisiting computations of Gopakumar-Vafa invariants by Katz, Klemm, and Vafa in a rigorous mathematical framework...