Historical data, theory and computer simulations support a connection between growth and economic inequality. Our present world with large regional differences in economic activity is a result of fast economic growth during the last two centuries. Because of limits to growth we might expect a future world to develop differently with far less growth. The question that we here address is: “Would ...

The non-linearity of Einstein’s equations makes it possible for small-scale matter inhomogeneities to affect the Universe at cosmological distances. We study the size of such effects using a simple heuristic model that captures the most important backreaction effect due to nonrelativistc matter, as well as several exact solutions describing inhomogeneous and anisotropic expanding universes. We ...

Two-dimensional measurements of magnetron discharge plasma parameters are used to calculate the forces applied an isolated nanoparticle in conditions where nanoparticles produced from cathode sputtering. Plasma spatial inhomogeneities, which specific discharges, also induce inhomogeneities charging mechanism and forces. It is shown that transport due electric, thermophoretic ion drag forces, do...

Within two specific string cosmology scenarios — differing in the way the preand post-big bang phases are joined — we compute the size and spectral slope of various types of cosmologically amplified quantum fluctuations that arise in generic compactifications of heterotic string theory. By further imposing that these perturbations become the dominant source of energy at the onset of the radiati...

The viscous inhomogeneities of a relativistic plasma determine a further class of entropic modes whose amplitude must be sufficiently small since curvature perturbations are observed to be predominantly adiabatic and Gaussian over large scales. When the viscous coefficients only depend on the energy density of the fluid the corresponding curvature fluctuations are shown to be almost adiabatic. ...

We study cosmological density fluctuations within a covariant and gaugeinvariant fluid-flow approach for a perfect fluid in the Einstein-Cartan gravity and derive the corresponding Raychaudhuri type of inhomogeneous coupled differential evolution equations of the second order. It appears that the quantum fluctuations of spin trigger primordial density inhomogeneities at the scale of weak intera...

Abstract. Modifications in Friedmann-Lemâitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) Hubble diagrams caused by mass density inhomogeneities are used to illustrate possible effects on a determination of the mass parameter Ωm and the cosmological constant Λ. The values of these parameters inferred from a given set of observations depend on the fractional amount of matter in inhomogeneities and can differ from t...

The application of a global optimization procedure to the detection of buried inhomogeneities is studied in the present paper. The object inhomogeneities are schematized as multilayer infinite dielectric cylinders with elliptic cross sections. An efficient recursive analytical procedure is used for the forward scattering computation. A functional is constructed in which the field is expressed i...

We consider a viscous incompressible fluid flow governed by the Stokes system. We assume that a finite number of small inhomogeneities (particles) are immersed in the fluid. The reciprocity gap functional is introduced to describe the boundary data. An asymptotic formula for the reciprocity gap functional is derived. The obtained formulas can form the basis for very effective computational iden...

We derive rigorously the leading order term in the asymptotic expansion of the scattering amplitude of a collection of a finite number of dielectric inhomogeneities of small diameter. We then apply this formula for the purpose of identifying the location and certain properties of the shapes of the inhomogeneities using measurements of the scattering amplitude at a fixed frequency. Joint work wi...