Initial attempts to make [Ni(H2O)2(15-crown-5)](NO3)2, i.e. to insert the Ni2+ ion into the 15-crown-5 macrocycle, gave the mono- (two polymorphs) and dihydrate of a co-crystal of[Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2 and 15-crown-5 (1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane=15C5). Synthetic routes designed to restrict the water available to the Ni2+ cation gave three additional compounds, [Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2-trans-[Ni(H2O)...

Two procedures for the synthesis of benzo-21-crown-7 have been explored. The [1+1] macrocyclization with KBF₄ as the template was found to be more efficient than the intramolecular macrocyclization without template. Pseudorotaxanes form with secondary ammonium ions bearing at least one alkyl chain narrow enough to slip into the crown ether. Substitution on benzo-21-crown-7 or on the secondary a...

This report outlines the experimental, surgical, and prosthodontic protocols for a prospective clinical trial using the Endopore dental implant to replace single maxillary teeth. Twenty patients (10 male, 10 female) ranging in age from 30 to 60 years each received one implant (mean length 10.1 mm), which, after an initial healing period of 4 months, was restored with a single crown. Records col...

Foliage transparency in trees is an important indicator for forest health assessment. This paper helps advance transparency measurement research by presenting methods of automatic tree boundary extraction and foliage transparency estimation from digital images taken from the ground of open grown trees. Extraction of proper boundaries of tree crowns is the initial step in the determination of cr...

Fusarium graminearum causes head blight (FHB) and crown rot (CR) diseases in wheat. Compared with FHB, CR symptom development occurs slowly, usually taking 4 to 8 weeks to become visible. To characterize CR development, we used histological and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses to assess fungal colonization during a timecourse of infection. Three distinct phases of infec...

BACKGROUND To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the apical root resorption seen after orthodontic treatment with the conventional brackets and the self-ligating brackets. METHODS Pre-treatment and post-treatment periapical radio-graphs of 70 patients, (35 treated with the Damon3 0.022" bracket and 35 with the 0.022" 3 M bracket) were studied. The long cone paralleling te...

The purpose of this study was to compare full metal crowns with two different types of veneering material - ceramics and polymer after a two-year period in a function. The aim was to evaluate the changes of occlusal relief, marginal adaptation, break of material, changes of shape and color and gingival status. One hundred and two crowns were examined in 34 patients immediately after cementation...

The dynamics of root and hypocotyl colonization, and the gene expression patterns of several fungal virulence factors and plant defense factors have been analyzed and compared in the interaction of two Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli strains displaying clear differences in virulence, with a susceptible common bean cultivar. The growth of the two strains on the root surface and the colonizati...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to evaluate the implant survival, the implant-crown success, and the prosthetic complications of 2,549 Morse taper interference-fit connection implants. METHODS A total of 2,549 Morse taper connection implants were inserted in 893 patients from January 2003 until December 2008. At each annual recall, clinical, radiographic, and prosthetic parameters were as...