cell therapy is known as one of the most promising curative interventions in the spinal cord injury (sci). selection of an appropriate route to transplant the stem cells is very important. principally, four different injection routes have been used in animal experiments. 1. intramedullary route: this route is known as a classic method for transplantation of stem cells. in this method, the stem ...

This paper considers the carrier based signal injection method in three shunt sensing inverter (TSSI) for sensorless motor control and analyzes the loss according to the injection axis of the voltage signal. To remove both phase current and rotor position sensors, sensorless method and phase current reconstruction method can be simultaneously considered. However, the interaction between two met...

The needle lift and return timing of a CRDI (common rail direct injection) injector were investigated using an accelerometer and the Bosch injection rate measurement method. The Bosch method was used to measure the fuel injection rate shape when fuel was injected with several patterns. An accelerometer was mounted on the outside of the injector to catch the needle lift and return timing of the ...

Objectives: Drug injection carries with it many risks and therefore it is important to understand the initiating factors of injection and its origins. Thus,  the purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the initiation of injection drug use among substance abusers. Methods:  Study method was a cross-sectional study. The research statistics universe constitutes a...

background: intramuscular injection is one of the effective methods of drug administration. yet the procedure is painful and avoided if at all possible. this study examines the effectiveness of simultaneous rhythmic breathing and z – track method in prone position with foot internal rotation on reducing the pain of intramuscular injection. methods: this quasi experimental (before and after) stu...