The additional dose contribution to the radiation exposure at aviation altitudes during Solar Particle Events (SPEs) has been a matter of concern for many years. After the Halloween storms in 2003 several airlines began to implement mitigation measures such as rerouting and lowering flight altitudes in response to alerts on the NOAA S-scale regarding solar radiation storms. These alerts are bas...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicator-guided volumetric-modulated arc therapy (AGVMAT) solution as an alternative to high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BRT) treatment of the vaginal vault in patients with gynecological cancer (GC). AGVMAT plans for 51 women were developed. The volumetric scans used for plans were obtained with an implanted CT-compatible vaginal cylinder which ...

Recent developments in radiation therapy have been focused on applications of charged particles, especially—protons. Proton therapy can allow higher dose conformality compared to conventional radiation therapy. Dose calculations have an integral role in the successful application of proton therapy. Over the years several dose calculation methods have been proposed in proton therapy. A common ch...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility whether intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) can be used to reduce doses to normal lung than three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3 DCRT) in treating distal esophageal malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Ten patient cases with cancer of the distal esophagus were selected for a retrospective treatment-planning study. IMRT plans using fo...

The assessment of dose-response is an integral component of the drug development process. Parallel dose-response studies are conducted, customarily, in preclinical and phase 1, 2 clinical trials for this purpose. Practical constraints on dose range, dose levels and dose proportions are intrinsic issues in the design of dose response studies because of drug toxicity, efficacy, FDA regulations, p...

BACKGROUND Intensity modulated radiotherapy is an efficient radiotherapy technique to increase dose in target volumes and decrease irradiation dose in organs at risk. This last objective is mainly relevant in children. However, previous results suggested that IMRT could increase low dose, factor of risk for secondary radiation induced cancer. This study was performed to compare dose distributio...

Radiation therapy for advanced Hodgkin's disease often requires large fields and may result in significant exposure of normal tissues to ionizing radiation. In long-term survivors, this may increase the risk for late toxicity including secondary malignancies. 3DCRT has been successfully used to treat this disease but treatment delivery is often complex requiring matching of photon with electron...

A Monte Carlo simulation using the PRESTA version of the EGS4 code has been employed as an investigative tool to calculate the absorbed dose in water close to 192Ir wire implants. It has been shown that a treatment planning system, such as GE Target II, using the Sievert integral and the Meisberger polynomial is only able to reproduce the Monte Carlo results at radial distances of 1 mm and fart...

fractional calculus is the field of mathematical analysis which deals with the investigation and applications of integrals and derivatives of arbitrary order.the purpose of this work is to use hadamard fractional integral to establish some new integral inequalities of gruss type by using one or two parameters which ensues four main results . furthermore, other integral inequalities of reverse m...

in this paper, we use the riemann-liouville fractionalintegrals to establish some new integral inequalities related tochebyshev's functional in the case of two differentiable functions.