DNA microarrays are extensively used for the quantification of the degree of differential mRNA expression. The assay involves hybridization of mobile DNA strands with immobilized complementary DNA strands to form duplexes. The overall duplex formation rate depends on the rate of transport of strands in solution to the corresponding spot on the surface, and the rate of the hybridization reaction...

Interactions between sub-groups (species, strains) have been reported in many species among many taxae. We propose a generic model based on earlier experiments accounting for both conspecific (or between individuals of the same strains) and heterospecific (or between strains) interactions. The model predicts different collective behaviours without any change of individuals' algorithm as some ke...

In this paper we develop a negotiation and contracting framework for inter-organisational workflows. The overall aim is to compute a group-plan from a given set of individual plans, where plans are formulated in the context of a given inter-organisational workflow between the agents. A general problem is that the individual plans are not consistent, i.e. the intersection of all individual plans...

We introduce a domain decomposition structure-preserving method based on hybrid mimetic spectral element for three-dimensional linear elasticity problems in curvilinear conforming structured meshes. The is an equilibrium which satisfies pointwise of forces. established through hybridization first allows inter-element normal stress discontinuity and then enforces the continuity using Lagrange mu...

Employing the Mahalanobis D2 statistic, a divergence study was performed on 36 groundnut genotypes and 13 clusters were identified. Indicating that of these groups may be more divergent from one another, maximum inter-cluster distance (D) found between cluster II XIII (315.56), followed by III IX (289.56), XII (289.21), (297.11). The in mentioned showed significant difference means for traits c...

Inter-node interference is an important performance metric in interworking multi-hop wireless networks. Such interference results from simultaneous transmissions by the nodes in these networks. Although several interference models exist in literature, these models are for specific wireless networks and MAC protocols. Due to the heterogeneity of link-level technologies in interworking multi-hop ...

This work deals with IT governance integration in an information system (IS), since it’s one of the main worries to maintain alignment between information technologies and business strategy. It uses COBIT as IT Governance framework saw its generic, and flexible appearance to produce a measurable picture of the current state of IS, through structured IT control activities. It appealed to Loose I...

Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineered (MPLS TE) Label Switched Paths (LSPs) may be established wholly within an Autonomous System (AS) or may cross AS boundaries. The Path Computation Element (PCE) is a component that is capable of computing constrained paths for (G)MPLS TE LSPs. The PCE Communication Protocol (PCECP) is defined to allow communication between Path Computation Clients...

Hybridization is a fascinating evolutionary phenomenon that raises the question of how species maintain their integrity. Inter-species hybridization occurs between certain Schistosoma can cause important public health and veterinary issues. In particular hybrids haematobium S . bovis associated with humans animals respectively are frequently identified in Africa. Recent genomic evidence indicat...

Abstract Abstract Background: Availability and affordability of medicines are crucial to achieving success in prevention programs, particularly in developing countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the availability and affordability of cardiovascular medicines for secondary prevention in Tehran province of Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Tehran pro...