Background: Reduction mammoplasty techniques have evolved considerably. Today, aesthetically pleasing results and preservation of nipple sensation and vascularity are emphasized. Achieving the aforementioned goals for the patient with pseudoptosis remains challenging. Objective: We present 270° pedicle reduction mammoplasty as a safe and direct technique for treatment of pseudoptosis to reduce ...

The 12(th) rib syndrome is a disease that causes pain between the upper abdomen and the lower chest. It is assumed that the impinging on the nerves between the ribs causes pain in the lower chest, upper abdomen, and flank. A 74-year-old female patient visited a pain clinic complaining of pain in her back, and left chest wall at a 7 on the 0-10 Numeric Rating scale (NRS). She had a lateral fixat...

Sodium/myo-inositol cotransporter-1 (SMIT-1) is one of the transporters responsible for importing myo-inositol (MI) into the cells. MI is a precursor for a family of signal transduction molecules, phosphatidylinositol, and its derivatives that regulates many cellular functions. SMIT-1 null mice died soon after birth due to respiratory failure, but neonatal lethality was prevented by prenatal ma...

M. Elschot, S. A. Rombouts, M. J. Malessy, C. A. Schimmelpenninck, M. J. van Osch, I. Toni, D. G. Norris, M. A. van Buchem, and P. F. Buur Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Cen...

Knowledge of muscular, vascular, and neural variations in the axilla is of great clinical importance, especially in mastectomies, breast reconstruction, and axillary bypass operations. In the present paper, we report unilateral variations observed in the axillary region of a male cadaver. A fibromuscular axillary arch was observed on the right side. On the same side, there was a bifurcated axil...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to clearly delineate the anatomical variations of the communicating rami in the upper thoracic sympathetic nervous system and to help develop better surgical method for essential palmar hyperhidrosis. METHODS Anatomical dissections of the upper thoracic sympathetic chains with sympathetic ganglia and communicating rami have been carried out in 42 adult Kore...

Each year, a total of 11,200 persons receive spinal cord injuries. Approximately 4,200 of those injured die before they can reach a hospital, and another 1,150 die during hospitalization.,' 8 Respiratory disturbance during the acute phase of upper thoracic or cervical spinal injury accounts for the high morbidity and mortality rate.2 The diaphragm is innervated by the phrenic nerve, which exits...

To assess the coupling between a particular hemidiaphragm and the individual lungs, the left and right phrenic nerves were separately stimulated in anesthetized dogs, and the mean changes in pleural pressure over the two lungs were evaluated by measuring the changes in airway opening pressure (DeltaPao) in the two bronchial trees. Stimulation induced a fall in Pao in both lungs. However, DeltaP...

The idea of using the thoracoscope to approach the surgical thoracic diseases is an idea that is not new at all. Jacobeas used the telescope to treat tuberculosis nearly 100 years ago [1]. But techniques to this area have not developed much, and traditional surgery via open thoracotomy has remained the standard for more than seventy years. In the early 1990s, with the beginning with the develop...

Restoration of elbow flexion is the first goal in brachial plexus injuries. The current procedures using nerve grafts and nerve transfers authorize more extensive repairs, with different possible targets: shoulder, elbow extension, and hand. Elbow extension is important to stabilize the elbow without the contralateral hand and allows achieving a useful grasp. The transfer of the intercostal ner...