BACKGROUND To investigate the accommodative loads change needed to maintain binocular fusion in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT). METHODS Seventeen consecutive patients with basic IXT and 15 normal controls were recruited. The WAM-5500 autorefractor (GrandSeiko, Fukuyama, Japan) was used to measure refractive error (D) under binocular and monocular viewing conditions at 6 m, 50 cm, ...

PURPOSE To elucidate the pathophysiology of dissociated horizontal deviation. METHODS The reversed fixation test was performed prospectively in 28 patients who developed consecutive exotropia following horizontal extraocular muscle surgery for infantile esotropia. All patients were assessed for the presence of adduction weakness, latent nystagmus, dissociated vertical divergence, and neurolog...

PURPOSE The concordance of strabismic phenotypes was examined in monozygotic versus multizygotic twins and other multiple births to study the role of genetic background in different types of commitant strabismus. METHODS Medical charts of 45 consecutive pairs of twins (16 monozygotic and 18 dizygotic twins, and 11 with unknown zygosity), 3 sets of triplets (one monozygotic and 2 trizygotic tr...

Recently, we developed a model of binocular fixation. This model predicts the amount of cyclovergence as a function of target elevation and horizontal target vergence. The prediction derives from the assumption that version and vergence add linearly and that the eye positions are constrained in three respects: (1) the foveae of the two eyes are directed towards the target, (2) the version compo...

PURPOSE To analyze the postoperative strabismic angle for five years or more and to investigate when the angle stabilized in intermittent exotropia. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 89 patients who had undergone surgery for intermittent exotropia. The postoperative strabismic angles measured were analyzed at one-year intervals up to five years postoperatively. We di...

Suppression scotomas and retinal projection (retinal correspondence) were measured in six intermittent exotropes during deviation. Measurements used red-green anaglyph stimuli presented on a black background which could be varied from 3.4 minutes of arc to 3 degrees 24'. Results showed non-suppression of all points between the fovea and the diplopia point. Harmonious anomalous retinal correspon...