Fracture propagation, especially for fractures emanating from inclined wellbores and closed natural fracture often involves Mode I, Mode II, and at times Mode III fracture pattern simultaneously. In this paper a Virtual Multidimensional Internal Bond (VMIB) model is presented to simulate 3D mixedmode fracture propagation. To represent the contact and friction between fracture surfaces, a threed...

Microfluidics is used increasingly for engineering and biomedical applications due to recent advances in microfabrication technologies. Visualization of bubbles, tracer particles, and cells in a microfluidic device is important for designing a device and analyzing results. However, with conventional methods, it is difficult to observe the channel geometry and such particles simultaneously. To o...

We present a detailed theoretical analysis for the determination of the total internal loss in Fabry-Perot resonators based on Fourier analysis of the emission or transmission spectrum. The observation of higher-order harmonics and their relative height in the Fourier-transformed spectrum allow us to quantify the total resonator loss. Because this new method considers both contrast and shape of...

Unusual features of this new text are a long chapter on atomic and molecular structure, a clear summary of modern ideas about biological oxidation and reduction, and the extreme detail with which even the most elementary mathematical operations are explained. The behavior of buffers is also discussed very fully. Mathematical expressions of the laws of physical chemistry are cut down to a minimu...

III/V semiconductor nanostructures have significant potential in device applications, but effective surface passivation is critical due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. For InP such passivation has proven particularly difficult, with substantial depassivation generally observed following dielectric deposition on InP surfaces. We present a novel approach based on passivation with a phosph...

We report a study of the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of CdSe quantum-dot (QD)-sensitized solar cells prepared by direct adsorption of pre-synthesized QDs, passivated with either tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) or n-butylamine (BA), onto a nanocrystalline TiO(2) film.

A virtual internal bond (VIB) model is proposed recently in mechanical engineering literatures for simulating dynamic fracture. The model is a nonlinear wave equation of mixed type (hyperbolic or elliptic). There is instability in the elliptic region and usual numerical methods might not work. We examine the artificial viscosity method for the model and apply central type schemes directly to th...

The approximate number system (ANS) is assumingly related to mathematical learning but evidence supporting this assumption is mixed. The inconsistent findings might be attributed to the fact that different measures have been used to assess the ANS and mathematical skills. Moreover, associations between the performance on a measure of the ANS and mathematical skills may be discontinuous, i.e., s...

OBJECTIVE To review external fixation in the management of war injuries. METHOD We prospectively followed up 15 external fixators (14 patients) applied in the management of war injuries. All these patients were treated at 202 Field Hospital during the 2003 Gulf Conflict. RESULTS Of the 15 fixators, 13 (86.7%) required early revision or removal due to complications of the injury or the fixat...

Yes, Lawrence DiDomenico, DPM, says technological advances with internal fixation may reduce the need for external fixation. He notes that ex-fix may not be as cost-effective as AO techniques in facilitating early weightbearing, and also cites the anesthesia risks associated with external fixation. No, George Vito, DPM, says that fixators can provide sufficient osseous stability to facilitate b...