This paper examines the economic effects of investment in developing and introducing Almond Late Flowering Cultivars (ALFC) in a period of 52 years from 1968 to 2020, developed in Sahand Horticultural Research Station (SHRS), using the economic surplus model and field survey data. ALFC make almond supply curve move less to the left when there is a chilling case, thus affect the economic surplus...

The internal rate of return (IRR) is generally considered inferior to the net present value (NPV) as a tool for evaluating and ranking projects, despite its inherently useful comparability to the cost of capital and the return of other investment opportunities. We introduce the ‘‘selective IRR’’, a return criterion which, as a selection of an extended set of possible IRRs, is NPV-consistent. Th...

This study estimates the internal rate of return (IROR) to the post-BS, two year PharmD degree over the Bachelor of Science pharmacy (BS) degree. Rates of return were estimated using a cost-benefit methodology based upon the economic theories of human capital. Data used in this analysis come from the 1990 Purdue national pharmacy compensation survey, a rich and unique source of data on pharmaci...

The internal rate of return (IRR) is generally considered inferior to the net present value (NPV) as a tool for evaluating and ranking projects, despite its inherently useful comparability to the cost of capital and the return of other investment opportunities. We introduce the \selective IRR," a return criterion which, as a selection of an extended set of possible IRRs, is NPV-consistent. The ...

this research applies and compares the market leverage lally method, ibbotson and sinquefield method and siegel method, to present alternative measures for market risk premium (mrp) estimation and test forecasting power of these methods in calculating expected rate of return. the higher level of leverage implies greater risk of investment in a specified stock, so higher return is expected by in...

At present, photovoltaic grid-connected systems (PVGCS) are experiencing a formidable market growth. This is mainly due to a continuous downward trend in PV cost together with some government support programmes launched by many developed countries. However, government bodies and prospective owners/investors are concerned with how changes in existing economic factors – financial incentives and m...