هدف اصلی این مقاله، ارائه نتایج ارزیابی اقتصادی پروژه احداث راه میان بر سربیشه خراسان جنوبی به بازارچه مرزی میل 78 و نیز معرفی آثار اقتصادی- اجتماعی اجرای این طرح می باشد. ابتدا ضمن معرفی خصوصیات منطقه مورد مطالعه (استان خراسان جنوبی و شهرستان سربیشه)، وضعیت موجود مسیرهای مورد مطالعه و نیز مسیر پیشنهادی سه قطعه ای و ارائه آنالیزی از هزینه های احداث و به سازی هر یک از قطعات پیشنهادی با منافع حاص...

Internal and external fixation techniques have been described for realignment and arthrodesis of Charcot midfoot deformity. There currently is no consensus on the optimal method of surgical reconstruction. This systematic review compared the clinical results of surgical realignment with internal and external fixation, specifically in regard to return to functional ambulation, ulcer occurrence, ...

There are theoretical foundations which allow hypothesizing on a positive association of life expectancy or retirement age with income. If both cannot be falsified, the relationship of income and the internal rate of return of a public pension system is not straight forward. By application of a partially linear model to micro data from the German public pension system, it is found that neither ...

Sorghum and millet grow in some of the most heterogeneous and austere agroecologies around the world. These crops are amongst the top five cereal sources of food and feed. Yet, few studies document the impact of sorghum and millet genetic enhancement. The Internal Rate of Return (ROR) is one of the most popular metrics used to measure the economic return on investment on agricultural research a...

The continued operation of a company cannot be separated from the right economic decisions. When making investment decisions, NPV and IRR models are often used due to their excellence. However, two sometimes yield different results when comparing selecting projects; After researching relevant literature, in this article, we give detailed introduction models, illustrate implications models. prac...

To return or not to return the results of genomics research: that has been the question at the crux of an ongoing debate spawned by the increasingly rapid evolution of genomics. Like many debates, this one arises from conflicting perspectives on broader concerns: for example, the purported distinction between research and patient care, the relationship between health care institutions and the c...

The high demands placed on the upper extremity in sporting activities subject the competitive athlete to common injuries of the hand. Treatment options are based on the fracture configuration, associated extremity injuries, and status of the surrounding soft tissue. Metacarpal and phalangeal fractures may usually be treated by closed, nonoperative methods, and most athletes may quickly return t...

Tibial tubercle avulsion fractures most commonly occur in adolescent boys and usually result from pushing off or landing while jumping. These fractures are relatively uncommon but can have a significant functional effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term outcome with return to play in 8 adolescent basketball players with at least 4 years of postoperative reconditioning. ...

The paper introduces a new journal impact measure called The Reference Return Ratio (3R). Unlike the traditional Journal Impact Factor (JIF), which is based on calculations of publications and citations, the new measure is based on calculations of bibliographic investments (references) and returns (citations). A comparative study of the two measures shows a strong relationship between the 3R an...

We study a large, successful rental car company that buys new vehicles and rents them to a series of customers who choose long or short term rental contracts. The company earns extraordinarily high rates of return on its rental cars, with average internal rates of return between purchase and sale of approximately 50%. We develop a stochastic semi-Markov duration model of the company’s operation...