The usual explanation of the gradient-weighted moving finite element (GWMFE) method has been in terms of its variational interpretation. This paper presents a more intuitive geometrical-mechanical interpretation of GWMFE as a balance of forces on the nodes, forces concentrated onto the nodes by the laws of leverage. It also presents significant simplifications in the “internodal viscosity” term...

This study investigates the functional significance of heterophylly in Ginkgo biloba, where leaves borne on short shoots are ontogenetically distinct from those on long shoots. Short shoots are compact, with minimal internodal elongation; their leaves are supplied with water through mature branches. Long shoots extend the canopy and have significant internodal elongation; their expanding leaves...

Observations with the electron microscope of longitudinal sections of the sciatic nerves of infant mice during the period of early myelin formation are described. These observations are interpreted in relation to previous studies of transverse sections, and a general picture of the formation of an internodal length of the myelin sheath in three dimensions is formulated. In general, an internoda...

Conduction time from the region of the sinus node to the region of the atrioventricular (A-V) node was studied during open heart surgery in 13 patients with an endocardial cushion type atrial septal defect, eight patients with a secundum type atrial septal defect, one patient with a sinus venosus type atrial septal defect, and eight patients with an intact atrial septum. Internodal conduction t...

Mechano-perception by Chara cells was studied with an emphasis on the role of the nodal complex in transducing pressure signals into electrical signals. Three types of experimental material were used: (1) tandem internodal cells connected by a single layer of nodal cells; (2) single internodal cells, from which either apical or basal nodes were removed by ligation and cutting; (3) single intern...

The -,vay in which the various activities of a cell relate to the level of available energy can conveniently be studied in photosynthetic cells of size large enough to permit measurements on individual cells. Internodal cells of the Characeae approach ideality for such a purpose in that they are, to a good approximation, right circular cylinders of macroscopic dimensions. Moreover, a certain in...