Chapter I: Introduction to Phospholipids Fatty acid and their derivatives and substances related biosynthetically or functionally to this compounds, that are soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, ether, benzene, acetone and insoluble in water are commonly known as lipids. Most of them form molecules such as waxes, triglycerides, phospholipids, etc, whereas other substances such as fat...

Membranes are central for cells as borders to the environment or intracellular organelle definition. They are composed of and harbor different molecules like various lipid species and sterols, and they are generally crowded with proteins. The membrane system is very dynamic and components show lateral, rotational and translational diffusion. The consequence of the latter is that phase separatio...

Primary cilia interpret vertebrate Hedgehog (Hh) signals. Why cilia are essential for signaling is unclear. One possibility is that some forms of signaling require a distinct membrane lipid composition, found at cilia. We found that the ciliary membrane contains a particular phosphoinositide, PI(4)P, whereas a different phosphoinositide, PI(4,5)P2, is restricted to the membrane of the ciliary b...

PURPOSE Down-regulation of Bcl-2 by the antisense G3139, currently under clinical evaluations, could restore chemosensitivity in otherwise resistant malignant cells. To date, the mechanism of intracellular accumulation of G3139 following in vivo administration remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to assess whether detectable intracellular concentrations of G3139 are achievable in vivo and...

Small GTP-binding proteins act as switches that control diverse cellular processes. Those in the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) class direct key steps in intracellular protein traffic, whereas those in the Rho family regulate gene transcription as well as changes in cell motility and morphology [1,2]. Several groups have now produced evidence that these regulatory activities of Rho and ARF prote...

In order to explore the role of forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in lipid metabolism and cell proliferation, goose primary hepatocytes were isolated incubated with insulin or PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway dual inhibitor NVP-BEZ235, then transfected FoxO1 interference plasmid. The related parameters proliferation measured. results firstly showed that increased intracellular TG lipids concentration (P < 0...

Phosphoinositides are key lipids in eukaryotes, regulating organelles' identity and function. Their synthesis turnover require specific phosphorylation/dephosphorylation events that ensured by dedicated lipid kinases phosphatases, which modulate the structure of inositol ring adding or removing phosphates on positions 3, 4 5. Beside their implication intracellular signalization cytoskeleton dyn...