Pairwise comparison is a popular assessment method either for deriving criteria-weights or for evaluating alternatives according to a given criterion. In realworld applications consistency of the comparisons rarely happens: intransitivity can occur. The aim of the paper is to discuss the relationship between the consistency of the decision maker—described with the error-free property—and the co...

Competition is the most common type of interaction occurring between wood-decaying higher fungi. Since competition for nutrients in organic resources is effectively brought about by competition for space, the common division into interference and exploitation competition is not very appropriate. Fungal competition can be divided into primary resource capture (obtaining uncolonized resources) an...

Researchers in the behavioural sciences have been presented with a host of pairwise multiple comparison procedures that attempt to obtain an optimal combination of Type I error control, power, and ease of application. However, these procedures share one important limitation: intransitive decisions. Moreover, they can be characterized as a piecemeal approach to the problem rather than a holistic...

This paper tests a novel implication of the original version of prospect theory (Kahneman and Tversky, 1979): that choices may systematically violate transitivity. Some have interpreted this implication as a weakness, viewing it as an anomaly generated by the ‘editing phase’ of prospect theory which can be rendered redundant by an appropriate re-specification of the preference function. Althoug...

The task of understanding the dynamics of coevolutionary algorithms or comparing performance between such algorithms is complicated by the fact the internal fitness measures are subjective. Though a variety of techniques have been proposed to use external or objective measures to help in analysis, there are clearly properties of fitness payoff (e.g., intransitivity) which call such methods into...

In this paper I argue that inflection class membership among the so-called ‘primary’ verbs in Lithuanian, which has always been considered to be extremely idiosyncratic, is at least partly predictable from the verb’s semantics. The most important semantic parameters responsible for inflection class assignment are agentivity of the verb’s highest ranking participant (thus most transitive and age...

Knowledge of mechanisms is critical for causal reasoning. We contrasted two possible organizations of causal knowledge—an interconnected causal network, where events are causally connected without any boundaries delineating discrete mechanisms; or a set of disparate mechanisms—causal islands—such that events in different mechanisms are not thought to be related even when they belong to the same...

This paper considers the identi…cation and estimation of network models with agents interacting in multiple activities. We establish the model identi…cation using both linear and quadratic moment conditions. The quadratic moment conditions exploit the covariance structure of individuals’choices in the same and related activities, and facilitate the identi…cation of peer e¤ects when exclusion re...