Muscle fibers are dynamic structures capable of altering their phenotype under various pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of long-lasting diabetes mellitus on the process of muscle regeneration in the skeletal muscle. Wistar rats were made diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). The regeneration process in the s...

Background/Aim: Perineural fibrosis may be seen in some surgeries after unsuccessful transforaminal injections. This animal experiment aims to investigate the effect of steroids and/or local anesthetic substances used epidural/transforaminal injections on fibrosis. Methods: A total 14 male Wistar-Albino rats were separated into two groups 7. After intraperitoneal anesthesia, right and left scia...

BACKGROUND The inadvertent systemic administration of bupivacaine has been associated with fatal cardiovascular collapse. Systemic bupivacaine may affect neural control of the cardiovascular system in addition to having toxic actions on the heart. The study tested the hypothesis that systemic bupivacaine has toxic effects on brainstem cardiorespiratory control. METHODS The working heart-brain...

INTRODUCTION DepoFoam bupivacaine is a novel liposomal formulation of bupivacaine designed to provide prolonged postsurgical analgesia. This dose-ranging study evaluated extent and duration of analgesia following administration of DepoFoam bupivacaine in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of DepoFoam bupivacaine doses of 133, 266,...

Bupivacaine is one of the most toxic local anesthetics. An increasing number of studies have shown that bupivacaine could induce intracellular oxidative stress and cause cell death. However, the mechanisms underlying its neurotoxicity are still unclear. In this study, we evaluate the neurotoxicity effect and the underlying mechanisms of bupivacaine in SH-SY5Y cells. First, we monitored the intr...

BACKGROUND The local anesthetic bupivacaine exists in two stereoisomeric forms, R(+)- and S(-)-bupivacaine. Because of its lower cardiac and central nervous system toxicity, attempts were made recently to introduce S(-)-bupivacaine into clinical anesthesia. We investigated stereoselective actions of R(+)-and S(-)-bupivacaine toward two local anesthetic-sensitive ion channels in peripheral nerve...

Purpose Sustained release hydrogel with bupivacaine (AnestaGel™) is a novel formulation of extended release bupivacaine in a biohydrogel Matrix™. We sought to compare the analgesic effects via mechanical allodynia, the pharmacokinetic characteristics via serum blood levels, and the local tissue effects via pathology, following injection of either sustained release hydrogel with bupivacaine, lip...

BACKGROUND Liposome bupivacaine is a novel formulation of the local anesthetic bupivacaine, designed to provide prolonged postsurgical analgesia. This analysis examined pooled efficacy data as reflected in cumulative pain scores from 10 randomized, double-blind liposome bupivacaine clinical studies in which the study drug was administered via local wound infiltration. METHODS A total of 823 p...