The blockade of spin& glycine receptors with intrathecal strychnine produces a reversible allodynia-like state in the rat. Thus, hair deflection, in the presence of intrahecal strychmine, induces cardiovascular and motor withdrawal responses comparable with those evoked by noxious thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimulation in the absence of strychnine. Bn the present study, we mapped the cuta...

BACKGROUND Nerve injury that produces behavioral changes of allodynia and hyperalgesia in animals is associated with electrophysiologic changes in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. The introduction of drugs into the DRG or the peripheral nerve that alter calcium, sodium, or potassium channel activity may be of therapeutic benefit after nerve injury. For this reason, the authors sought to determ...

BACKGROUND Antidepressants, which are widely used for treatment of chronic pain, are thought to have antinociceptive effects by blockade of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake. However, these drugs also interact with various receptors such as excitatory glutamatergic receptors. Thermal hyperalgesia was induced by intrathecal injection of NMDA in rats. Paw withdrawal latency was measured after ...

BACKGROUND Intrathecal labor analgesia using new local anesthetics such as ropivacaine or levobupivacaine becomes more popular by virtues of their safety and decreased motor weakness. However, the analgesic efficacy of the clinically effective intrathecal doses of these new local anesthetics combined with fentanyl has yet to be determined. METHODS Sixty parturients who requested neuraxial ana...

ber 1999) that demonstrate little difference in dermatomal spread in CSF of fentanyl compared with morphine after intrathecal injection. Thus, the extrapolation from pigs to humans and from models of CSF and tissue kinetics to clinical effects is far from certain. In summary, the article by Ummenhofer et al. is a seminal work in intrathecal pharmacokinetics. It directly incorporates location in...

BACKGROUND Amiloride has been reported to produce a wide variety of actions, thereby affecting several ionic channels and a multitude of receptors and enzymes. Intrathecal α2-adrenergic receptor agonists produce pronounced analgesia, and amiloride modulates α2-adrenergic receptor agonist binding and function, acting via the allosteric site on the α2A-adrenergic receptor. OBJECTIVES To investi...

Background and Aims: Different kinds of adjutants are used with local anesthetics during intrathecal procedure for prolongation of action. However, they are not completely free from side effects like postoperative hypoxia and cardiovascular instability. But subsequently, the use of preoperative femoral nerve block on surgical side provides beneficial analgesia to relieve fracture pain before op...

The most commonly reported reason for errors is that a syringe containing a vinca alkaloid is mistaken for a syringe containing an intrathecal medication. Very few medications, including chemotherapeutic agents, can be administered safely into the intrathecal space. Most intrathecal chemotherapy errors involve the accidental injection of vincristine; however, all of the vinca alkaloids (vinblas...

BACKGROUND Vitamin E is widely known to be one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers and a drug that can easily be obtained, and it has been shown to attenuate the pain responses induced by various causes in animal pain models. Thus, this experiment was conducted to assess the antinociceptive effects of vitamin E by comparing intraperitoneal and intrathecal injections in rats subjecte...

The present study was performed to explore the modulatory potential of different endogenous opioid systems on transmission of presumed nociceptive information at the spinal cord level in thermally injured rats. Thermal injury was performed by dipping the left paw into water 60 degrees C for 20 s. This induced a significant bilateral decrease in hindpaw withdrawal latency HWL to pressure. Intrat...