introduction: refractory status epilepticus is a life-threatening disease in children wherein seizure movements don't response to first line anti convulsion drugs. this study reviewed risk factors, management and early outcome of children with refractory status epilepticus. methods: patients with refractory status epilepticus admitted in tabriz children's hospital between 2003 and 200...

physiologists have shown that increased fluids improve skeletal muscle performance in prolonged exercise.typical orders provide for 125 ml of intravenous fluids per hour in patients taking limited oral fluids during labor. our purpose in this study was to determine whether increased intravenous fluids affect the progress of labor. in a prospective randomized institutional clinical trial, one-hu...

abstract posttraumatic intravasation of fat and debris can lead to a cascade of events. hydroxyethyl starches (hes) markedly suppress neutrophil influx by decreasing pulmonary capillary permeability and facilitating tissue oxygenation by improving microcirculation. it was hypothesized that in hypoxemic femur injury patients undergoing operative stabilization, hes administration will prevent the...

to assess the effectiveness of ondansetron pretreatment in alleviating propofol injection pain, 135 patients were randomly assigned to one of following three groups. group 1 who received up to 2 ml pretreatment 50 mg tramadol in the saline, group 2 cases who received up to 2 ml pretreatment 4 mg ondansetron in saline, and group 3 who received up to 2 ml solution saline. a 20 gauge cannula was p...

malpractice in preparation and administration of intravenous (iv) medications has been reported frequently. inadequate knowledge of nurses has been reported as a cause of such errors. we aimed to evaluate the role of nurses' education via installation of wall posters and giving informative pamphlets in reducing the errors in preparation and administration of intravenous drugs in 2 wards (icu an...

this study compared the effects of anesthesia with isoflurane and tiva (total intravenous anesthesia) on the intensity of body temperature reduction during anesthesia and incidence of chills after lumbar disc surgery. the study was done as a single blinded randomized clinical trial. from 60 patients who underwent lumbar disc surgery, 30 subjects were placed in isoflurane group and 30 in the tiv...

background: children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who are treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy might experience a decline in their absolute neutrophil count. the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of neutropenia following intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura undergoing intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. p...