We have previously shown that carboplatin induces inflammation and apoptosis in renal tubular cells (RTCs) through the activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells-3 (NFAT3) protein by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and that the ROS-mediated activation of NFAT3 is prevented by N-acetyl cysteine and heme oxygenase-1 treatment. In the current study, we investigated the underlying molecul...

PURPOSE Carboplatin administered systemically or periocularly can result in dramatic and prompt regression of retinoblastoma. However, both routes are rarely curative alone and have undesirable side effects. We aimed to assess the efficacy and toxicity of carboplatin +/- topotecan delivered by ophthalmic artery chemosurgery whereby chemotherapy is infused into the eye via the ophthalmic artery....

Standard first-line chemotherapy regimens in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) include carboplatin (Paraplatin)/paclitaxel, cisplatin/docetaxel (Taxotere), cisplatin/gemcitabine (Gemzar), and cisplatin/vinorelbine (Navelbine). An informal meta-analysis of 13 randomized trials of these regimens in NSCLC indicates no marked differences in terms of response rates or survival, but toxicit...

Carboplatin is effective in the treatment of malignant brain tumors. However, when administered in conjunction with osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), carboplatin is ototoxic. The purpose of this study was to determine whether delayed administration of sodium thiosulfate (STS), given after BBB closure, provided protection against carboplatin ototoxicity. Patients underwent monthl...

BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate cell proliferation and coordinate the cell cycle checkpoint response to DNA damage. Although inhibitors with varying selectivity to specific CDK family members have been developed, selective CDK4/6 inhibitors have emerged as the most attractive antineoplastic agents because of the importance of CDK4/6 activity in regulating cell proliferation ...

High-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSCs) are deadly malignancies that relapse despite carboplatin chemotherapy. Here we show that 16 independent primary HGSC samples contain a CA125-negative population enriched for carboplatin-resistant cancer initiating cells. Transcriptome analysis reveals upregulation of homologous recombination DNA repair and anti-apoptotic signals in this population. Whil...

To gain a better understanding of the genetic variants associated with carboplatin-induced cytotoxicity in individuals of African descent, we present a step-wise approach integrating genotypes, gene expression, and sensitivity of HapMap cell lines to carboplatin. Cell lines derived from 30 trios of African descent (YRI) were used to develop a preclinical model to identify genetic variants and g...

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of prolonged intracerebral (i.c.) administration of carboplatin by means of ALZET osmotic pumps, in combination with radiotherapy for the treatment of intracranial F98 glioma in rats. METHODS AND MATERIALS Seven days after stereotactic implantation of F98 glioma cells into the brains of Fischer rats, carboplatin was administrated i.c. by means of ALZET pumps o...

PURPOSE The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) pretreatment on antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics of the cancer chemotherapeutic agents carboplatin and gemcitabine. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Antitumor activities of carboplatin and gemcitabine with or without DEX pretreatment were determined in six murine-human cancer xenograft models, including cancers...

It has long been shown that therapeutic ultrasound has the potential to affect cells surfaces and membranes. In this study, the effects of ultrasound in near field mode, the anti-cancer drug carboplatin and their combined application were studied on human carcinoma cells A2780. Four modes of treatment were used: exposure to ultrasonic field, application of carboplatin, exposure to ultrasound fo...