in this paper, a finite element model is developed for the fully hydro-mechanical analysis of hydraulic fracturing in partially saturated porous media. the model is derived from the framework of generalized biot theory. the fracture propagation is governed by a cohesive fracture model. the flow within the fracture zone is modeled by the lubrication equation. the displacement of solid phase, and...

Formation of fermion bag solitons is an important paradigm in the theory of hadron structure. We report here on our non-perturbative analysis of this phenomenon in the 1+1 dimensional massive Gross-Neveu model, in the large N limit. Our main result is that the extremal static bag configurations are reflectionless, as in the massless Gross-Neveu model. Explicit formulas for the profiles and mass...

The present study investigates the fracture toughness of FSW X80 HSLA steel welds. Weld cooling rate and peak temperature were varied among welds; indirectly manipulated through travel speed, rpm, weld preheat. Fracture was tested according to ASTM 1820 standard along centerline using surface-notched SEB specimen cooled −40 °C. Results demonstrate that CTOD has a strong inverse linear correlati...

objective: to determine the prevalence of fractures and associated risk factors in healthy iranian children and adolescents. methods: in this cross sectional population based study, 478 healthy iranian children and adolescents aged 9–18 years old participated. baseline data and bone mineral content and density have been determined. one questionnaire was completed for all individuals including p...

i ntroduction: the incidence and etiology of maxillofacial fractures vary widely between different countries. understanding the cause and pattern of these injuries can assist in establishing clinical and research priorities for more effective treatment and prevention of maxillofacial injuries. the study aimed to  evaluate  the  etiology  and  pattern  of  maxillofacial  fractures  in  trauma pa...

If an acoustic field is governed by the equation V 2 u + w 2 u + u2al (x)u + V (az(x)Vu) = -S(x-y) in R and U is measured on the surface of the earth, i.e. on the plane x3 = 0 for all positions of the source y and receiver x and for all frequencies, then: (i) we show that the low frequency portion of the data determines a 2 ( x ) while the high frequency portion of the data determines ( a , -a2...

In correspondence analysis, rows and columns of a data matrix are depicted as points in low-dimensional space. The row and column profiles are approximated by minimizing the so-called weighted chisquared distance between the original profiles and their approximations, see or example, Greenacre (1984). In this paper, we will study the inverse correspondence analysis problem, that is, the possibi...