in this paper we find systems of subgroups of a finite‎ ‎group‎, ‎which $bbb p$nobreakdash-hspace{0pt}subnormality guarantees supersolvability‎ ‎of the whole group‎.

ii Executive summary In order to achieve a transition to sustainable development, economies will need to be radically transformed. Businesses and households will be responsible for the bulk of the investment needed. Such a radical transformational change will require the blending of public and private, domestic and international, capital and technical assistance finance. Global capital markets ...

In routing games, agents pick their routes through a network to minimize their own delay. A primary concern for the network designer in routing games is the average agent delay at equilibrium. A number of methods to control this average delay have received substantial attention, including network tolls, Stackelberg routing, and edge removal. A related approach with arguably greater practical re...

A guarantee instrument is a credit enhancement tool that can enable philanthropies to unlock millions or billions of dollars for societal impact. The Community Investment Guarantee Pool, created in 2019 by collaboration and allied impact investors, guarantors, novel initiative uses guarantees leverage the balance sheets foundations other institutional investors enhancing intermediaries affordab...