Indonesia has around 40% or the world‟s capacity for geothermal energy production, yet lags behind neighbors, such as the Philippines, in developing this resource. There are ambitious plans to increase production to nearly 6GW and then to 9.5GW, with the bulk of the investment coming from the private sector. With Chevron being the only overseas company currently investing in Indonesia, this pap...

When firms can protect their innovations by secrecy or lead-time, the additional effect of patent protection is not obvious. This paper shows that when firms compete for a single innovation, patent protection still increases R&D investment but decreases social welfare due to over-investment. However, when firms compete for multiple complementary patents (called a patent portfolio), patent prote...

Integrated land-use and transport interaction models (LUTI) are praised for their ability to evaluate land-use and transport planning in an integrated and consistent modeling system. However, applications of empirically estimated land use models are rare. This paper will present the application of the Dutch national land-use/transport interaction model TIGRIS XL in a recent land-use and transpo...

The European Union has incorporated impact investment through two action plans: the Social Entrepreneurship Initiative and Investment Plan for Europe. These financing tools seek to fund economic growth promote job creation. Among different measures carried out, regulatory framework funds stands under which denomination, Fund, is established designate focused on social enterprises with objective...

in critical analysis, different aspects of an issue will be analyzed from point of view of current discourse of society. the objective of this paper, is to critically analyze the economic goals of development plans (pre and post revaluation). in this respect, many papers and research report has been considered and the results show that critical discourse have paid attention to plans and its eco...

The Economy of Iran faces many challenges and is predicted to have a negative growth of 1.3 percent, unemployment of above 13 percent, and a wild inflation rate of 27.2 percent in 2013. Various external conditions and bad economic planning have contributed to Iran’s current economic difficulties. To transform the Economy of Iran, the 5th Five-year Development Plan (FYDP) and the 20-year vi...

This article examines the performance of four life-cycle portfolio allocation strategies through stochastic simulation based on observed U.S. asset returns during 1926-2008. Annual worker contributions to retirement savings accounts are based on the actual lifetime earnings histories maintained by the Social Security Administration for 12,871 workers born during 1915-1942. Each strategy's perfo...

There has been considerable public discussion of the investment performance of the University of California Retirement Plan (UCRP). Much of that discussion has been based on simple comparisons of the realized investment returns of UCRP to those of other pension plans, such as CalPERS. Such comparisons provide no economically meaningful or statistically significant information about the quality ...