An old question of T. Jech and K. Prikry asks if an existence of a precipitous ideal implies necessary existence of a normal precipitous ideal. The aim of the paper is to prove some results in the positive direction. Thus, it is shown that under some mild assumptions, an existence of a precipitous ideal over א1 implies an existence of a normal precipitous ideal over א1 once a Cohen subset is ad...

the rings considered in this article are commutative with identity $1neq 0$. by a proper ideal of a ring $r$,  we mean an ideal $i$ of $r$ such that $ineq r$.  we say that a proper ideal $i$ of a ring $r$ is a  maximal non-prime ideal if $i$ is not a prime ideal of $r$ but any proper ideal $a$ of $r$ with $ isubseteq a$ and $ineq a$ is a prime ideal. that is, among all the proper ideals of $r$,...

We show that the odd-indexed derived Witt groups of a semilocal ring with trivial involution vanish. We show that this is wrong when the involution is not trivial and we provide examples.

The mammary gland undergoes extensive tissue remodeling and cell death at the end of lactation in a process known as involution. We present evidence that the prolactin-activated transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (Stat5a) has a crucial role in the regulation of cell death during mammary gland involution. In a transforming growth factor-alpha transgenic mous...

Mammary gland involution is the most dramatic example of physiological cell death. It occurs through an initial phase of lysosomal-mediated cell death (LCD) followed by mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Zinc (Zn) activates both LCD and apoptosis in vitro. The Zn transporter ZnT2 imports Zn into vesicles and mitochondria and ZnT2-overexpression activates cell death in mammary epithelial cells (M...

BACKGROUND Insulin like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are secreted peptides that play major roles in regulating the normal development and maturation of mammary gland. While Igfbp7 has been shown to decrease breast tumor growth, its role in regulating the normal mammary gland development has not been studied. To this end, we generated Igfbp7-null mice and examined th...

Although interleukin-10 (IL-10) is known to contribute to inflammation and pathogenesis in mammalian organs, little is known about its precise role in the mammary gland. We found that IL-10 levels fluctuated during the mouse mammary cycle, showing little expression at the lactation stage and the highest expression at the involution stage. To reveal the effects of IL-10 on involution, expression...

We show that the formalism of overpartitions gives a simple involution for the product definition of the Gaussian coefficients. In the formulation of our involution, an overline in the representation of an overpartition is endowed with a weight.