Ion channel gating kinetics can be described using Kramers' diffusion theory of reaction rates between several closed and open states, where transition rates between states depend exponentially on the membrane potential V. It has been suggested that transition rates have a more complex dependence on V at voltage extremes, but this has never been quantified. We measured the rate constant of the ...

using solvent evaporating and atomic emission spectrophotometric methods, the solubility of li2co3 in waterat 25°c was determined. comparing the value of thermodynamic solubility product constant, ksp(th),(ksp(tn) = exp(—ag.ss/rt)) of the mentioned salt to the value which is obtained from the observed solubility,shnoll-1 , and activity coefficients, f+ and f, which are estimated upon the extend...

A classical theory is developed which calculates the momentum transfer rate constant between an ion and a non-polar molecule. The model takes into consideration the effect of diffraction outside the capture limit on the rate constants. The theory is used to calculate momentum transfer rate constant for Cl- with trans-dichloroethylene and para-difluorobenzene. Theoretical results ...

Abstract Chemically resolved atomic resolution imaging can give fundamental information about material properties. However, even today, a technique capable of such achievement is still only an ambition. Here, we take further steps in developing the analytical field ion microscopy (aFIM), which combines spatial (FIM) with time-of-flight spectrometry atom probe tomography (APT). To improve perfor...

Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries have been widely used in various kinds of applications, including consumer electronics, green energy systems and electrical vehicles. Since the charging method has a significant influence on the performance and lifetime of Li-ion batteries, an intelligent charging algorithm which can properly determine the charging current is essential. In this study, a fuzzy-logi...

Early leak current, i.e. for times similar to the time to peak of the transient current was measured in Myxieola giant axons in the presence of tetrodotoxin. The leak current-voltage relation rectifies, showing more current for strong depolarizing pulses than expected from symmetry around the holding potential. A satisfactory practical approximation for most leak corrections is constant resting...

The time-dependent Dirac equation can be solved exactly for ionization induced by ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. Ionization calculations are carried out in such a framework for a number of representative ion-ion pairs. For each ion-ion pair, the computed cross section consists of two terms, a constant energy independent term and a term whose coefficient is ln γ. Scaled values of both t...