Hexahomotrioxacalix[3]arenes, commonly called oxacalix[3]arenes, were first reported in 1962. Since then, their chemistry has been expanded to include numerous derivatives and complexes. This review describes the syntheses of the parent compounds, their derivatives, and their complexation behaviour towards cations. Extraction data are presented, as are crystal structures of the macrocycles and ...

Two analytical procedures, dry combustion and acid extraction, were compared for the preparation of soft animal tissues and other biological samples for determination of fluoride with an ion selective electrode. Both methods were suitable for determining F in the range of 0.5 to 10.0 μg/g with less than 6% error. The combustion method is less laborious but is more accurate. The extraction metho...

We found the Easy very easy to run and without te#{233}hnique-dependent steps in the procedure. Operators need not have a high level of skill. Calibration is stable for one month, except for the ion-selective electrodes, which must be calibrated every two days. In conclusion, we found the Easy satisfactory in operational and analytical performance. The analyzer is well suited for use in the eme...

Excitation and localization of surface plasmon polariton modes in metal-dielectric structures can be utilized to construct nanophotonic materials and devices with tuneable optical dispersion. We present a selective polariton generator (SPG) device that demonstrates switching of light transmission based on surface plasmon antennae principles. This polarization-sensitive structure selectively gen...

Expanding upon recent applications of interfacing electricity with centrifugal microfluidic platforms, we introduce electrochemical velocimetry to monitor flow in real-time on rotating fluidic devices. Monitoring flow by electrochemical techniques requires a simple, compact setup of miniaturized electrodes that are embedded within a microfluidic channel and are connected to a peripherally-locat...

For most chemists, potentiometry with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) primarily means pH measurements with a glass electrode. Those interested in clinical analysis might know that ISEs, routinely used for the determination of blood electrolytes, have a market size comparable to that of glass electrodes. It is even less well known that potentiometry went through a silent revolution during the pa...

Increasing use of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) in the biological and environmental fields has generated demand for high-sensitivity ISEs. However, improving the sensitivities of ISEs remains a challenge because of the limit of the Nernstian slope (59.2/n mV). Here, we present a universal ion detection method using an electronic integrated multi-electrode system (EIMES) that bypasses the Nern...

Simple methods are described for the analysis of sulphate, sulphite and dithionate mixtures by potentiometric titration with lead perchlorate (and use of a lead ion-selective electrode). The error and precision are both about 2-5% for the sulphate concentration range 3 x 10(-3) -6 x 10(-4)M. The sulphur content in fuels derived from refuse was determined by potentiometric titration after bomb-c...

PbS quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) with a photovoltaic conversion efficiency (η) of 5.73% have been fabricated by applying Au/CuS/FTO as a counter electrode (CE), post-annealing the deposited PbS QDs, and introducing the bilayered TiO2 nanostructure as a photoanode.

An overview is given dealing with the application of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) in environmental analysis. ISEs are placed into the context of the trend of development of sensors for extensive and frequent monitoring. Discussed are the issues such as sensing platforms and their mass-production, improvement of precision, diagnostic of sensor functionality, and development of reference elect...