The kinetics of anodic oxidation of zircaloy-2, zircaloy-4, titanium and niobium have been studied in 0.1M sodium methoxide without and with addition of a millimole of sodium phosphate at a constant current density of 8mA.cm-2 and at room temperature (300 K). the addition of phosphate ions found to improve the kinetics of film formation. This trend and mechanism of anodic oxide film growth is c...

The uneven distribution of Mg2+, K+, and phosphate in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis was demonstrated by the differential extraction of ions. Their concentrations were 5, 60, and 1 mM in the cytoplasm and 73, 470, and 110 mM in vacuoles, respectively. The intracellular gradients of these ions were 1:15, 1:8, and 1:110, respectively, across the tonoplast. The determination of free Mg2+ (1.35 mM in...

The aim of this paper is to present confirmation of the theory of the diffusion effect. By diffusion effect is understood a redistribution of the ions in a system where a continuous diffusion of one electrolyte is going on, which results in a steady state showing accumulation and impoverishment of certain ions. Some typical experiments are recorded and discussed. The results are found in satisf...

A number of studies have shown that an electropotential difference, PD, of about 100 mv (interior negative), is present across plant cell membranes (2, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 21), similar to that across animal celtl membranes. Thus, if minerals move through cell membranes as ions, they are subject not only to concentration gradients but also to electrical fields. For precise evaluation of the ene...

The effects of fluorine ion bombardment on the channel transport properties of AlGaN /GaN heterostructures have been investigated. Ion bombardment of the heterostructure was carried out within a CF4 plasma in a reactive ion etching system at various self-bias voltages. Hall mobility and sheet electron concentration for the two-dimensional electron gas showed strong dependence on bombardment dur...

The NESR ring of the FAIR project [1] will store highly charged radioactive and stable ion beams for internal experiments and decelerate ions and antiprotons for transfer to FLAIR. A powerful electron cooling system has been designed [2], covering the full energy range (740-4 MeV/u) for ions and allowing intermediate cooling in the range 800-30 MeV during the deceleration of antiprotons. It wil...

Copper accumulation and phosphatase activities of three Aspergillus species resistant to copper were compared to three copper-sensitive Rhizopus species. High level of acid phosphatases and decreased Cu2+-uptake were found with resistant in contrast to sensitive strains. The presence of copper(II) ions in the medium increased the production of acid phosphatases in the resistant A. niger and dec...

For actual needs of increasing crop production and quality in modern agriculture, fertigation is an established approach to implement advanced control schemes. The basic idea of this strategy is to maintain the concentration of specific ions in the recirculated drainage water at a desired level for optimal global function. In this way, nutrients which are uptaken by the plants must be refilled,...

Significance The NSS (neurotransmitter sodium symporter) or SLC6 family comprises a group of plasma membrane transport proteins that includes transporters for amino acid and amine neurotransmitters. Transporters in this use transmembrane ion gradients as driving forces intracellular accumulation their substrates. Although all Na + ions transport, large subset also requires Cl − ions. is known t...