The genetic determinants required for invasion of epithelial cells by Shigella flexneri and for the subsequent bacterial spreading are encoded by the large virulence plasmid. Expression of the virulence genes is under the control of various genes on the large plasmid as well as on the chromosome. We previously identified one of the virulence-associated loci near phoBR in the NotI-C fragment of ...

The goal of this paper is to investigate the flux and spectral index distribution FR II radio galaxy 4C 14.11. We focused on indices over lobes, as well in their hot spots. For that purpose, we used publicly available observations given at 1450 8440 MHz. Particularly, Leahy's Atlas radio-emitting double sources, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics Manchester, NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. ...

This paper presents a case study of an approach to sustainable software architecture that has been successfully applied over a period of 10 years to astronomy software services at the NASA Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), Caltech (http://www.ipac.caltech.edu). The approach was developed in response to the need to build and maintain the NASA Infrared Science Archive (http://irsa.i...

We include new data in an updated analysis of helium in low metallicity extragalactic H II regions with the goal of deriving the primordial abundance of He (YP). We show that the new observations of Izotov et al. (ITL) are consistent with previous data. However they should not be taken in isolation to determine YP due to the lack of sufficiently low metallicity points. We use the extant data in...

In rats and primates, the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeN) is most known for its role in responses to fear stimuli. Recent evidence also shows that the CeN is required for directing attention and behaviors when the salience of competing stimuli is in flux. To examine how information flows through this key output region of the primate amygdala, we first placed small injections of retrograde...