I have read with great interest the paper of Ghaffari et al. [1] ‘Effect of psychosocial factors on low back pain in industrial workers’. The Iranian prospective study confirms the aetiological role of job strain for low back pain (LBP). However, a rather surprising finding is reported, but not discussed: social support at the workplace apparently increases LBP prevalence. In logistic regressio...

BACKGROUND Students' perceptions of the educational environment are an important construct in assessing and enhancing the quality of medical training programs. Reliable and valid measurement, however, can be problematic - especially as instruments developed and tested in one culture are translated for use in another. MATERIALS AND METHOD This study sought to explore the psychometric propertie...

Objective: The stigma of mental disorders is a common phenomenon, that barricades seeking medical help. Stigma includes negative attitude toward person occurs due to distinctive feature, such as race, sexual orientation, or disorder. Regarding the consequences in course disorder and life people with illness, aim this study was investigate psychometric properties Iranian version stigma-9 questio...

OBJECTIVES In developing countries such as Iran, elder populations are growing. Due to the high prevalence of depressive disorders among elders, reliable screening instruments for this population are required. The main purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the Farsi version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale-10 (CES-D) among Iranian elder...

BACKGROUND Fatigue, a major cause of disability in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), is associated with reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of the Persian version of Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) in Iranian patients with MS. METHODS This study included 15 subjects with clinically definite MS, 15 hospitalized patient...