this paper is focused on the tactical design of steel supply chain (ssc). a general mathematical model is proposed to integrate production and transportation planning in multi-commodity ssc. the main purpose is to prepare a countrywide production and distribution plan in an ssc with three layers consisting of iron ore mines as suppliers, steel companies as producers, and subsidiary steel compan...

There is a rapidly increasing demand for iron resources with the fast-paced development of the iron and steel industry. For this reason, the iron and steel industry is facing the risk of a raw material shortage. Deposits of high-phosphorus iron ores are widely spread worldwide, but the use of these deposits in industry is limited owing to the high phosphorus content, which affects the cost of t...

Milling is a vital unit operation in various material processing operations and consumes around 2% of the energy produced in the world [1,2]. It dictates the cost economics of mineral, cement, power, pharmaceutical and ceramic industries. Grinding is an important unit operation for chrome ore pelletisation process. Chromite ore along with 5% coke is milled in the wet ball mill and filtered ore ...

Recovery of iron from iron-rich diasporic bauxite ore via reductive roasting followed by magnetic separation has been explored recently. However, the efficiency of alumina extraction in the non-magnetic materials is absent. In this paper, a further study on the digestion of alumina by the Bayer process from non-magnetic material obtained after magnetic separation of reduced iron-rich diasporic ...

In an effort to develop breakthrough technologies that enable drastic reduction in CO2 emissions from steel industry (ULCOS project), the reduction of iron ore by pure hydrogen in a direct reduction shaft furnace was investigated. After experimental and modelling studies, a 2D, axisymmetrical steady-state model called REDUCTOR was developed to simulate a counter-current moving bed reactor in wh...

Two texturally and mineralogically distinct types of Mississippi Valley-type mineralization are hosted by the upper Cambrian Metaline Formation in northeastern Washington. Josephine-type mineralization is iron poor and coarse grained, whereas Yellowhead-type mineralization is iron rich, fine grained, and commonly botryoidal. Josephine mineralization is found largely in the Josephine lithofacies...

This study investigated the optimum conditions for the leaching of manganese-rich iron ore for subsequent beneficiation studies in laboratory scale. The experiments were carried out by varying the concentration of H2 SO4 solution and the leaching temperature. The properties of the iron ore was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)...