The intelligent omni-surface (IOS) is a dynamic metasurface that has recently been proposed to achieve full-dimensional communications by realizing the dual function of anomalous reflection and refraction. Existing research works provide only simplified models for refraction responses IOS, which do not explicitly depend on physical structure IOS angle incidence electromagnetic (EM) waves. There...

In this work the structure of the electromagnetic field in a lossy conducting medium is studied in detail. The meaning of the complex angle of refraction is explained in terms of real parameters involved in this problem. The concepts are illustrated with a wave refracting from air into pure water at a frequency of 95 GHz and an incidence angle of 60 . The approach is similar to that used to der...

It is shown that the charged particles are refracted and reflected on the boundary of field free and laser field regions in vacuum. Simple and transparent estimates are given which show the possibility of channeling of charged and neutral particles having polarizability by strong electromagnetic field of certain laser bunches just as by the field of orientated crystalline planes and axes. These...

This paper proposes a novel method for real-time rendering of polygon mesh surfaces with reflection or refraction. The basic process is similar to dynamic environment mapping or cube mapping. Our proposed method is superior to those in that the accurate ray direction is reflected in the resulted image at every vertex on the mesh. Existing real-time techniques suffer from the differences between...

We report computer simulations which test the accuracy of the diffusion theories used in the analysis of multiple light scattering data. Explicitly including scattering anisotropy and boundary reflections, we find that the predicted probability for transmission through a slab is accurate to 1% if the slab thickness is greater than about 5 transport mean free paths. For strictly isotropic scatte...

We present a theory of flexural wave propagation on elastic shells having nontrivial geometry and develop an analogy to geometric optics. The transport of momentum within the shell itself is anisotropic due to the curvature, and as such complex classical effects such as birefringence are generically found. We determine the equations of reflection and refraction of such waves at boundaries betwe...

Veselago medium (also called double negative material, backward medium, left-handed medium) is a medium with both negative isotropic dielectric permittivity and permeability. It has the effect of backward waves with negative (anomalous) refraction, in contrast to the usual forward waves with normal refraction in normal isotropic dielectrics and/or magnetics. In this paper, examples of the exist...

Examples of heavy mineral placer deposits are presented in which wave reflection, refraction, diffraction and resonance would appear to have played a major concentrating role. Their geometry is compared with the computer generated patterns predicted for the reflection, refraction and diffraction of surface waves moving over fairly simple, idealised bathymetries. Much of this work is founded on ...

PURPOSE To describe LASIK flap amputation as a therapeutic option for patients with atypical refractory flap complications. METHODS Case series and literature review. RESULTS Seven eyes of 6 patients underwent flap amputation for various atypical indications, including non-infectious flap/interface opacity (3 patients), irregular astigmatism on the flap surface (3 patients), and chronic pai...