Hyperinsulinemia and Membrane Microviscosity of Erythrocytes as Risk Factors for Stroke in Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance To the Editor: We read with great interest the recent article by Dr Vermeer and colleagues1 dealing with the impaired glucose tolerance and stroke risk in nondiabetic patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor ischemic stroke. The results of their study...

Insults to the brain that are sub-threshold for damage activate endogenous protective pathways, which can temporarily protect the brain against a subsequent harmful episode. This mechanism has been named as tolerance and its protective effects have been shown in experimental models of ischemia and epilepsy. The preconditioning-stimulus can be a short period of ischemia or mild seizures induced ...

Stressor-induced tolerance is a central mechanism in the response of bacteria, plants, and animals to potentially harmful environmental challenges. This response is characterized by immediate changes in cellular metabolism and by the delayed transcriptional activation or inhibition of genetic programs that are not generally stressor specific (cross-tolerance). These programs are aimed at counte...

Background and Purpose—The importance of bioactive lipid signaling under physiological and pathophysiological conditions is progressively becoming recognized. The disparate distribution of sphingosine kinase (SphK) isoform activity in normal and ischemic brain, particularly the large excess of SphK2 in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, suggests potentially unique celland region-specific...

The aim of this study was to explore the involvement of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the downstream myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent and -independent pathways in the mechanisms of cerebral ischemic tolerance. Using an improved middle cerebral artery occlusion method, we constructed a preconditioned ischemic brain model in rats. Sham and ischemia-reperfusion groups were als...

a study of the relationship between the disorder of glucose metabolism and ischemic heart disease was performed on 122 patients and 100 controls in loghman-dowleh adham’s medical center in tehran. the gtt abnormality was found in only 8% of the control group while for the patients with the heart ischemia the prevalence was 62.3%. prevalence of glucose metabolic disorder among men with acute myo...

BACKGROUND The degree to which abnormal glucose tolerance contributes to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been clarified in Japanese. The relationship between abnormal glucose tolerance and severity of coronary artery stenosis, as well as the contributions of hypertension, diabetes and other risk factors for CAD to recurrence of the disease, were investigated in the pres...