Acts of terrorism carried out by the Abu Sayyaf Insurgent Group and Maute Clan in Marawi region which was later called Battle involved IS (Islamic State) terrorist organization occupying region, capital Lanao del Sur Province on South Mindanao Island, Philippines. The fighting quickly spread to various parts city then showed presence an increasing threat extremism that occurred Southeast Asia. ...

This paper studies a model of how political parties use resources for campaigning to inform voters. Each party has a predetermined ideology that is drawn from some distribution. To a¤ect the voters the parties use campaigning to inform the voters about the policy of the party. We study a symmetric model with two parties and ...nd that, the farther away parties are from each other (on average), ...

A revolutionary entrepreneur strategically chooses the revolutionary agenda to maximize the likelihood of revolution. Citizens have different preferences and can contribute varying degrees of support. This presents the revolutionary entrepreneur with a tradeoff between extensive and intensive margins of support. We show: (1) Extremists exert a disproportionate influence over the revolutionary a...

This article investigates the impact of the distribution of preferences on equilibrium behavior in conflicts that are modeled as all-pay auctions with identity-dependent externalities. In this context, we define centrists and radicals using a willingness-to-pay criterion that admits preferences more general than a simple ordering on the line. Through a series of examples, we show that substitut...

Many models have been proposed to explain the opinion formation in a group of individuals; most of these models study the opinion propagation as the interaction between nodes/agents in a social network. The opinion formation is a very complex process and a realistic model should also take into account the important feedbacks that the opinions of the agents have on the structure of the social ne...

Abstract: Islam carried main mission to improving human morals, not only teachings of monotheism and worship, but also concepts guidelines in one's interaction as a pluralistic world citizen exemplified by Prophet Muhammad SAW. recognizes differences beliefs, cultures, traditions, races, certain tribes, one them is stated Q.S Al-Hujurat: 13 about diversity. However, everyone agrees with this po...

Modeling the conditions for the emergence of extremism is a very important problem, with clear applications for describing the interaction among individuals. Traditional models either are not suited for the task, as in the case of discrete models, or, like Bounded Confidence models, are built with rules that make opinions tend to a common ground between agents or not change at all. Continuous O...

This paper reviews the progress of Islamic banking from both theoretical and practical aspects. It highlights the basic principles on which Islamic banking is based and describes the operational details of Islamic banks. It mentions some of the misgivings with respect to the viability of Islamic banking and evaluates them objectively. It highlights the effects of Islamic banking on savings, inv...

Four options for assigning a meaning to Islamic Logic are surveyed including a new proposal for an option named Real Islamic Logic (RIL). That approach to Islamic Logic should serve modern Islamic objectives in a way comparable to the functionality of Islamic Finance. The prospective role of RIL is analyzed from several perspectives: (i) parallel distributed systems design, (ii) reception by a ...

Although the legal acts of recent years often use concept «ideological extremism», none them contain its definition. The author attempts to describe contents by analyzing both Russian and international legislation on counteracting extremism. It is concluded that definition extremism in fact lacking legislation, following formulated: ideology practice illegal influence bodies power citizens moti...