Crystals of the G-segment invertase in complex with a 37-base-pair asymmetric DNA duplex substrate had an unusually high solvent content of 88% and diffracted to a maximal resolution of about 5.0 Å. These crystals exhibited a high degree of non-isomorphism and anisotropy, which presented a serious challenge for structure determination by isomorphous replacement. Here, a procedure of cross-cryst...

Large advances in the development of catalytic materials were made with the synthesis of zeolites, which are porous crystalline materials that can be used as catalysts, catalyst supports, sorbents and ion exchangers. Zeolite structures consist of T-atoms tetrahedrally coordinated to oxygen atoms, where T can be AI, Si, or any other element capable of isomorphous substitution for Si. The unavail...

Layered borosilicate zeolite precursor ERB-1P (Si/B = 11) is delaminated via isomorphous substitution of Al for B using a simple aqueous Al(NO3)3 treatment. Characterization by PXRD shows loss of long-range order, and TEM demonstrates transformation of rectilinear layers in the precursor to single and curved layers in the delaminated material. N2 physisorption and base titration confirm the exp...

The crystal structure of buttgenbachite from Likasi (Congo) was solved by a threedimensional Patterson function, computed using intensity data collected photographically by the Weissenberg method, and refined by successive Fourier maps and least-squares refinement to an R index o.o55 for 328 independent observed reflections. The cell content resulting from the structural analysis is Cua6.eCl0.7...

Procedures were developed exploiting organometallic clusters and coordination compounds in combination with heavy metal salts for derivatization of ribosomal crystals. These enabled the construction of multiple isomorphous replacement (MIR) and multiple isomorphous replacement combined with anomalous scattering medium-resolution electron density maps for the ribosomal particles that yield the c...

The methods commonly used for phase determination in biological crystallography are single and multiple isomorphous replacement (SIR or MIR). Both require the preparation of derivatives, usually by introducing electron-dense compounds into the crystalline lattice at a limited number of distinct locations while keeping the crystal parameters isomorphous with those of the native molecule. As thes...

During unscripted speech, speakers coordinate the formulation of pre-linguistic messages with the linguistic processes that implement those messages into speech. We examine the process of constructing a contextually appropriate message and interfacing that message with utterance planning in English (the small butterfly) and Spanish (la mariposa pequeña) during an unscripted, interactive task. T...

In addition to their well-known uses as catalysts, zeolites are utilized to adsorb and remove various cations from aqueous system. The adsorption of the cations is ascribed to the negative charge of zeolites derived from isomorphous substitution of Si by Al. The amount of Na+ adsorption on 4A, X, Y, Na-P1 and mordenite type zeolites were determined in aqueous media, in a two-cation (Na+ and H+)...

To investigate the ability of a protein to accommodate potentially destabilizing amino acid substitutions, and also to investigate the steric requirements for catalysis, proline was substituted at different sites within the long alpha-helix that connects the amino-terminal and carboxyl-terminal domains of T4 lysozyme. Of the four substitutions attempted, three yielded folded, functional protein...