CONTEXT Reproduction in all mammals is controlled by a hypothalamic clock that produces periodic secretory pulses of GnRH, but how the timing of these pulses is determined is poorly understood. The neuropeptide kisspeptin potently and selectively stimulates the secretion of GnRH. Although this property of kisspeptin is well described, the effects of kisspeptin on endogenous GnRH pulse generatio...

In this study, a new numerical method is introduced to obtain the exact shape of output pulse in the chalcogenide fiber Bragg grating (FBG). A Gaussian pulse shape with 173 ps width is used as an input pulse for lunching to a 6.6 mm nonlinear FBG. Because of bistable and hysteresis nature of nonlinear FBG the time sequence of each portion of pulse is affected the shape of output pulse. So we di...

Saline, one of the most widely used intravenous (IV) medicines, is crucial in treatment critically ill patients. In order to prevent blood from flowing into bottle while saline emptied and needle still close vein, it keep an eye on its level. The correct timing extracting patient's vein typically disregarded due negligence any uncommon circumstance, which results a large casualty should also re...

ACR Appropriateness Criteria 1 Recurrent Symptoms–Lower-Extremity Angioplasty American College of Radiology ACR Appropriateness Criteria Clinical Condition: Recurrent Symptoms Following Lower-Extremity Angioplasty Variant 1: Claudication. Radiologic Procedure Rating Comments RRL* Segmental Doppler pressures and pulse volume recordings 9 Usual first tests. O MRA lower extremity without and with ...

Clinical Case A newborn male Welsh pony foal, born without an anal opening, was admitted for treatment (Figures 1 and 2). On presentation, the foal displayed signs of mild abdominal discomfort indicated by intermittent uneasiness, looking at the abdomen, and stretching into a “sawhorse” stance. The foal was observed to urinate normally. Pulse, mucous membrane color, and capillary refill time we...

We read with interest the article " Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in adults " by López Meiller et al. 1 They reported 3 adult patients with Henoch-Schönlein nephritis (HSN) (one with hematuria and two with heavy proteinuria) who were treated with IV cyclophosphamide (1g/m²/month for six months). 1 Although the treatments of severe Henoch-Schönlein nephritis still remains controversial, oral cyclopho...

After the Rotterdam Marathon on 21 April 1991 (ambient temperature 5.8 degrees C, relative humidity 74%, wind velocity 5 m s-1) data from 66 athletes were analysed for information concerning total recovery and recovery from pain, stiffness, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance and fatigue. The pulse rate, body weight and temperature were measured. The athletes were divided at random into two gro...

introduction: the primary somatosensory cortex has an important role in nociceptive sensory-discriminative processing. altered peripheral inputs produced by deafferentation or by long-term changes in levels of afferent stimulation can result in plasticity of cortex. capsaicin-induced depletion of c-fiber afferents results in plasticity of the somatosensory system. plasticity includes short-term...

Background: Pulse Oximeter monitoring has become so common over previous decades that in some health care units, blood oxygen level is now considered as the fifth vital sign. However, it seems there is still some lack of knowledge and/or experience among medical staff operating pulse oximeter and interpreting its results. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the knowledge on Pul...

Pain in ICU patients should be managed effectively and safely. Fentanyl and Paracetamol are used frequently in ICU. However experience using IV Paracetamol in the setting of critically ill patients is limited. We evaluated the analgesic effect and adverse reactions of intravenous Paracetamol compared to Fentanyl in ICU patients with mild to moderate pain. Forty patients in a general ICU were ra...