In this paper we initialize the study of independent domination in directed graphs. We show that an independent dominating set of an orientation of a graph is also an independent dominating set of the underlying graph, but that the converse is not true in general. We then prove existence and uniqueness theorems for several classes of digraphs including orientations of complete graphs, paths, tr...

in this article, the linear array (with 20 elements in the horizontal orientation) of microstrip antenna is examined with horizontal polarization. the set includes three microstrip substrates. there is a power network in two lower substrates and microstrip patches in the upper substrate. excitation of patches has been done as coupled through the power network in two lower substrates. using the ...

the aim of this study was to design the strategic orientations model of market, brand and entrepreneurship in the food industry in iran.  the organizational decisions are not formed  in a vacuum but in the economic and cultural environmental context of each country, they are much influenced by many different factors. this study is of applied type and was conducted in two stages. first after an ...

Predicting accurately and in real-time 3D body joint positions from a depth image is the cornerstone for many safety, biomedical, and entertainment applications. Despite the high quality of the depth images, the accuracy of existing human pose estimation methods from single depth images remains insufficient for some applications. In order to enhance the accuracy, we suggest to leverage a rough ...

A new crossing detector is presented which also permits orientation estimation of the underlying structures. The method relies on well established tools such as the structure tensor, the double angle mapping and descriptors for second order variations. The performance of our joint crossing detector and multi-orientation estimator is relatively independent of the angular separation of the underl...

We designed an office cubicle that automatically mediates communications between co-workers by sensing whether users are candidate members of the same social group. The cubicle regulates visual interactions through the use of privacy glass, which can be rendered opaque or transparent upon detection of joint orientation. It regulates auditory interactions through noise-canceling headphones that ...

A three dimensional reorientation problem for an underactuated multi-body spacecraft is studied. Formulae for approximating the change in orientation of the base body of the spacecraft, induced by appropriately constructed small amplitude periodic joint motions, are derived. These formulae are used to construct joint motions that cause a desired reorientation maneuver to be performed within a p...

providing suitable analgesia following diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopic surgeries, that areconsidered to cause some degree of postoperative pain, is a necessity in equine practice. the aim of thepresent study was to evaluate the equine synovial fluid biochemical and cytological changes as well asclinical assessments of the joint following intra-articular administration of ketamine. six a...

Functional Alignment is a new method to determine the orientation of a joint's primary rotational axis and the associated movement. It employs three unique concepts. First, data analyses are based upon assessment of spatial positions and not upon movement in a time sequence. Second, analyses are conducted on derived joint rotation matrices instead of tracked markers. This permits reanalysis of ...

The double universal joint robot wrist can eliminate singularities which limit the performance of existing industrial robot wrists. Unfortunately, this singularity-free wrist has an offset which prevents decoupling of the position and orientation in the manipulator inverse kinematics problem. Closed-form solutions are difficult, if not impossible, to find. This paper solves the inverse position...