Abbas I, like many other Iranian kings, devoted special attention to the Jame Mosques. Following Isfahan’s election as his capital, he was trying to renovate the Bazaar and the old mosque, which was faced by the opposition of landowners at the time. Then he decided to build the Naghsh-e Jahan square and set up the Jame Abbasi as a new Jame Mosque in the city. In this paper, the two main compone...

Tribal rivalries, the election of a religious leader, and fanaticism to Mālikī's religion initiated Al-Murābiṭūns movement in the 5th century AH in Morocco. After gaining power, Al-Murābiṭūns needed to adopt domestic policies proper to their position to survive and succeed over domestic opponents. They were able to use Mālikī's jurists’ capacities comprehensively in government structure, includ...

Many Imamiyeh Jurists have considered the blood money for the testicles as an exception to the principle of pair and single organs, and hence, have considered a more blood money for the left testicle than the right one. Article 665 of the Islamic Penal Code, following this group of jurists, has adopted the same procedure. This assumption, one the one hand, is the result of the reference to some...