Using a novel style identification procedure, we show that style-shifting is dynamic strategy commonly used by hedge fund managers. Three quarters of funds shifted their investment styles at least once over the period from January 1994 to December 2013. We perform empirical tests two hypotheses for motivations style-shifting, namely backward-looking and forward-looking hypotheses. find no evide...

While the past is present in all futuring activities it tends to remain implicit and has not received adequate attention by futures scholars practitioners. In response, this conceptual paper offers a novel framework with which can be brought into studies structured comprehensive way. We begin providing brief account of how already figures as part efforts understand lingering effects on future; ...

A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is designed to maintain constant tension for tandem rolling mills. Envisioning fuzzy inference system as neural network and introducing tutor, backward propagation algorithm is used as self-organization technique for FLC to approach the best parameters under supervision. Simulation results exhibit the generalization and adaptivity of neuro-fuzzy controller in offl...

This study investigates whether infants are sensitive to backward and forward transitional probabilities within temporal and spatial visual streams. Two groups of 8-month-old infants were familiarized with an artificial grammar of shapes, comprising backward and forward base pairs (i.e. two shapes linked by strong backward or forward transitional probability) and part-pairs (i.e. two shapes wit...