The foreign exchange market is one of the biggest markets in the global financial capital market. With current trends toward financial capital globalization, it is becoming more important to understand the hedge and arbitrage of foreign exchange markets. Thus, this study implements association rules as a data mining approach to explore the associations among 19 different pairs of foreign exchan...

iran  budgeting  structure  and concepts  have  changed  since  200 i .these changes  embrace  the  items  such  as  ,   concepts  of revenues  ,   expenses  , capital   assets   as  well   as   financial   assets   ,    which   resulted    in  more information  transparency .   as a results  the government  budget  is  drawn up  as  such  of an  economic   firm's  budget.  structural  ref...

foreign trade of any country is considered as one of the major economic sectors of that society as far as some refer to trade as the “engine of growth”. foreign exchange rate and its volatilities is one of the effective factors determining foreign trade. the present paper deals with the impact of real exchange rate uncertainty on imports in iran during 1979-2009. in this respect, first, among v...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: F31 C13 C45 Keywords: Exchange rate forecasting Purchasing power parity Artificial neural network Investors consider foreign exchange as being among the most significant financial markets. Many discussions regarding economic development, growth strategies and stabilization policies place real exchange rate to play the most important role in the macroeco...

This paper not only determines why individual firms use foreign currency derivative but investigates also what effects this derivatives usage has on the foreign exchange risk exposure of 471 European nonfinancial firms. We find strong evidence in favor of the existence of economies of scale in hedging and show that European firms engage in hedging programs in response to tax convexity. Results ...

Foreign exchange intervention (FXI) is a highly debated topic. Yet, comprehensive and comparable data on FXI hard to find. This paper provides new dataset of covering large number countries over the period 2000-20 at monthly quarterly frequencies. It includes publicly available for about 40 carefully constructed proxies 122 countries. Proxies are focused both spot derivative transactions that a...

At the end of 2010 China’s foreign exchange reserve reached $2847.34 billion, the author designs the maximum government utility function when consider the China government buys a part foreign exchange if company earns, it means that the China government will increase Ren-Min-Bi Yuan. And it will cause inflation. The inflation will cause disutility to government. Finally it gets the optimal fuct...