It is well known that some XML elements correspond to objects (in the sense of object-orientation) and others do not. The question we consider in this paper is what benefits we can derive from paying attention to such object semantics, particularly for the problem of keyword queries. Keyword queries against XML data have been studied extensively in recent years, with several lowest-common-ances...

When accidental bequests signal otherwise unobservable individual characteristics such as productivity and longevity, the population should be partitioned into two groups: those who do not receive an inheritance those who do. The …rst tagged group gets a second-best tax à la Mirrlees; the second group, when its type is fully revealed, a …rst-best tax schedule. Receiving an inheritance makes hig...

Abstract This paper applies a new approach to the identification of discourses, based on Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), study discourse variation over time. The MCA keywords deals with major issue use identify discourses: allocation individual multiple discourses. Yet, as this demonstrates, also allows us observe in prevalence discourses texts patterns keyword co-occurrence. Metadata c...

For effective climate policy, we need both classic and behavioural policies. Green nudges facilitate the effectiveness of a carbon tax by increasing salience tax, harnessing pro-climate concerns, extending reach targeting behaviours directly and, importantly, public acceptance taxes.

today the environmental consequences and earth resources unresponsiveness is transformed to the main concern of human. at the same time increasing environmental pollution and its devastating consequences following that, increased consumer and environmental demand for sustainable products and services must try to reduce pollution caused by industrial development in the form of efforts to impleme...