Herbal remedies in therapy have been used the treatment of pain since time immemorial. Pain is a sensory and emotional event that causes discomfort due to tissue damage. Most analgesics modern medicine side effects on either gastro-intestinal tract or nervous system. Empirically waru leaves as traditional medicine. The purpose this study was evaluate analgesic effect ethanol extract leaf compar...

Abstract The muscarinic cholinergic agonist pilocarpine induces in rats seizures and status epilepticus followed by widespread damage to the forebrain. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of 5 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sodium salicylate, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, ibuprofen and mefenamic acid, on seizures produced by pilocarpine. Pretreatment of rats with so...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease causing progressive impairment of memory and cognitive function. Streptozotocin (STZ) injection into the brain is known to cause cognitive impairment in rats and is similar to sporadic AD in humans. Several lines of evidence have indicated that an inflammatory process contributes to the pathology of AD. On the basis of the results ...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease causing progressive impairment of memory and cognitive function. Streptozotocin (STZ) injection into the brain is known to cause cognitive impairment in rats and is similar to sporadic AD in humans. Several lines of evidence have indicated that an inflammatory process contributes to the pathology of AD. On the basis of the results ...

Water intoxication causes hyponatraemia, which is responsible for the neurological dysfunction by causing intracellular overhydration. Symptoms may occur if the serum sodium concentration is less than 120 mmol/l, but the degree of brain dysfunction corresponds with the rapidity of development of the hyponatraemia. Intracellular potassium concentration is reduced, partly due to increased intrace...

Menstruation is a process where the uterine lining decays. often occurs during childbearing age, it not uncommon for discomfort to be felt, one of which dysmenorrhea . Dysmenorrhea pain in abdomen due cramps and menstrual blood disorders Several therapies that can used reduce include pharmacological non-pharmacological methods. Pharmacological therapy taking ibuprofen, mefenamic acid other drug...