the effect of fiber surface modification on physical and mechanical properties of kraft pulp wasstudied with and without chitosan. first, the amount of carboxyl groups of kraft pulp at differentaddition levels (0, 2, 3, 4 and 6%) of hydrogen peroxide was determined by means of methylene bluetest. then, the samples containing the highest carboxyl groups were treated at ph=8.5 with chitosan at0.7...

Department of Computer Science and (by courtesy) Art and Art History, Virginia Tech, 121 VTKW II, 2202 Kraft Dr – MC 0106 Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA b Information Science and Science & Technology Studies, Cornell University, 301 College Ave., Ithaca, NY 14580, USA Department of Computer Science and (by courtesy) Psychology, Virginia Tech, 123 VTKW II, 2202 Kraft Dr – MC 0106 Blacksburg, VA 24060...

Paper Title How Does Performance Evaluation Affect Teacher Motivation? Lessons From YES Prep Public Schools Claire Robertson-Kraft, University of Pennsylvania Author(s) Policy Issues Related to Teacher Evaluation Session Title Paper Session Type 4/16/2012 Presentation Date Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Presentation Location Teacher Evaluation, Teacher Quality Descriptors Qualitative Meth...

Abstract The use of paper dry strength additives is one the methods for producing packaging boards with a lower grammage while maintaining mechanical properties. In present work, papers were formed using dissolving grade kraft fibres, fibres and carboxymethylated cellulose (CMC) modified (C-kraft fibres), either cationic starch (CS), anionic polyacrylamide (APAM) or polyelectrolyte complexes (P...

To identify Kraft liquor effects on spermatogenesis and sperm motility of Caspian kutums by using in vitro culture, the fish testis was incubated with 5, 10 and 15 % (V/V) of liquor for 3 and 6 days. The percentage of motile spermatozoa and its total duration were also measured. Adverse effects on testicular cells were more apparent with the increase of liquor concentrations. The mean size of s...

Xylanase activity was isolated from crude extracts of Trichoderma harzianum strains C and 4 grown at 28 degree C in a solid medium containing wheat bran as the carbon source. Enzyme activity was demonstrable in the permeate after ultrafiltration of the crude extracts using an Amicon system. The hydrolysis patterns of different xylans and paper pulps by xylanase activity ranged from xylose, xylo...

Three alkali swelling methods were used to treat two kinds of kraft pulp fibers. The morphological and chemical properties of the treated fibers were elucidated in terms of alkali concentration, with the aim of developing bulky paper and conserving wood resources. The effects of beating before and after alkali swelling were examined. The water retention value of fibers increased when higher con...

Competition issues with food industry have recently boosted the exploration of alternative solutions capable replacing starch in papermaking to a certain extent. Covalent grafting quaternary ammonium groups onto LignoBoost® Eucalyptus kraft lignin has shown promise this regard as cationic products feature excellent water solubility across entire pH scale. Considering these suitable properties, ...

We study the notion of a code in a sofic subshift. We first give a generalization of the Kraft-McMillan inequality to this case. We then prove that the polynomial of the alphabet in an irreducible sofic shift divides the polynomial of any finite code which is complete for this sofic shift. This settles a conjecture from Reutenauer.