The existing proofs of the Fundamental theorem of calculus for Lebesgue integration typically rely either on the Vitali–Carathéodory theorem on approximation of Lebesgue integrable functions by semi-continuous functions (as in [3, 9, 12]), or on the theorem characterizing increasing functions in terms of the four Dini derivates (as in [6, 10]). Alternatively, the theorem is derived using the Pe...