Given a closed ideal I in a C-algebra A, an ideal J (not necessarily closed) in I, a *-homomorphism α : A → M(I) and a map L : J → A with some properties, based on [3] and [9] we define a C-algebra O(A,α, L) which we call the Crossed Product by a Partial Endomorphism. In the second section we introduce the Crossed Product by a Partial Endomorphism O(X,α, L) induced by a local homeomorphism σ : ...

Let R = k[x1, . . . , xr] denote the polynomial ring in r variables over a field k, with maximal ideal M = (x1, . . . , xr), and let V ⊂ Rj denote a vector subspace of the space Rj of degree-j homogeneous elements of R. We study three related algebras determined by V . The first is the ancestor algebra Anc(V ) = R/V whose defining ancestor ideal V is the largest graded ideal of R such that V ∩ ...

Let L be a free Lie algebra over a field k, I a non-trivial proper ideal of L, n > 1 an integer. The multiplicator H2(L/I , k) of L/I is not finitely generated, and so in particular, L/I is not finitely presented, even when L/I is finite dimensional.

Let l and m be the ideals associated with Laver and Miller forcing, respectively. We show that add(l) < cov(l) and add(m) < cov(m) are consistent. We also show that both Laver and Miller forcing collapse the continuum to a cardinal ≤ h. Introduction and Notation In this paper we investigate the ideals connected with the classical tree forcings introduced by Laver [La] and Miller [Mi]. Laver for...

let $r$ be a commutative ring. the purpose of this article is to introduce a new class of ideals of r called weakly irreducible ideals. this class could be a generalization of the families quasi-primary ideals and strongly irreducible ideals. the relationships between the notions primary, quasi-primary, weakly irreducible, strongly irreducible and irreducible ideals, in different rings, has bee...

We prove the following result: Theorem. Every algebraic distributive lattice D with at most א1 compact elements is isomorphic to the ideal lattice of a von Neumann regular ring R. (By earlier results of the author, the א1 bound is optimal.) Therefore, D is also isomorphic to the congruence lattice of a sectionally complemented modular lattice L, namely, the principal right ideal lattice of R. F...

Authors who report ground reaction force (GRF), free moment (FM), and resultant joint moments usually normalize these variables by division normalization. Normalization parameters include body weight (BW), body weight x height (BWH), and body weight x leg length (BWL). The purpose of this study was to explore the appropriateness of division normalization, power curve normalization, and offset n...

in this paper, we define the notions of ultra and involution ideals in $bck$-algebras. then we get the relation among them and other ideals as (positive) implicative, associative, commutative and prime ideals. specially, we show that in a bounded implicative $bck$-algebra, any involution ideal is a positive implicative ideal and in a bounded positive implicative lower $bck$-semilattice, the not...

in this paper we investigate some hereditary properties of amenability modulo an ideal of banach algebras. we show that if (e) is a bounded approximate identity modulo i of a banach algebra a and x is a neo-unital modulo i, then (e) is a bounded approximate identity for x. moreover we show that amenability modulo an ideal of a banach algebra a can be only considered by the neo-unital modulo...