Temperature-induced changes in electron transport activities of chloroplasts isolated from chilling-sensitive and chilling-resistant plants have been examined. Using methylviologen as electron acceptor, temperature-induced changes occurred in the photosystem II plus photosystem I activities of chloroplasts isolated from chilling-resistant spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L....

A series of sixteen pyrazinamide analogues with the -CONH- linker connecting the pyrazine and benzene rings was synthesized by the condensation of chlorides of substituted pyrazinecarboxylic acids with ring-substituted (chlorine) anilines. The prepared compounds were characterized and evaluated for their antimycobacterial and antifungal activity, and for their ability to inhibit photosynthetic ...

A series of rhodanine derivatives was prepared. The synthetic approach, analytical and spectroscopic data of all synthesized compounds are presented. Lipophilicity of all the discussed rhodanine derivatives was analyzed using the RP-HPLC method. The compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport (PET) in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts and reduc...

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is a member of the Caryophyllales family, basal eudicot asterid that consists sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris), quinoa (Chenopodium Willd.), and amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.). With introduction baby leaf types, spinach has become staple food in many homes. Production issues focus on yield, nitrogen-use efficiency resistance to downy mildew ...

Optical tweezers are widely used for the manipulation of cells and their internal structures. However, the degree of manipulation possible is limited by poor control over the orientation of trapped cells. We show that it is possible to controllably align or rotate disc shaped cells—chloroplasts of Spinacia oleracea—in a plane polarised Gaussian beam trap, using optical torques resulting predomi...

plant extracts, like phytoecdysteroids, are currently studied because of the possibility of their use in plant protection. phytoecdysteroids are insect steroid hormone analogues, and they are believed to deter invertebrates from plants, either by acting as antifeedants or by being toxic through hormonal disruption on ingestion. we describe here the effects of extract from spinacia oleracea l. (...